本文選題：技術(shù)引進(jìn) + 自主創(chuàng)新��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1978年以來,我國通過改革開放與世界接軌,秉持"以市場換技術(shù)"的發(fā)展方針,充分發(fā)揮自身后發(fā)優(yōu)勢,通過大量引進(jìn)國外先進(jìn)技術(shù),在短時間內(nèi)實現(xiàn)了科技水平的快速提升。技術(shù)引進(jìn)對我國技術(shù)進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮起到了極大的促進(jìn)作用,然而技術(shù)引進(jìn)的"雙刃劍"特性逐漸顯現(xiàn):一方面,技術(shù)引進(jìn)可以促使企業(yè)通過學(xué)習(xí)模仿創(chuàng)新,在較短時間內(nèi)實現(xiàn)技術(shù)水平的突破;另一方面,伴隨技術(shù)引進(jìn)也有諸多弊端產(chǎn)生,如企業(yè)可能形成路徑依賴從而創(chuàng)新動力不足,或?qū)σM(jìn)技術(shù)的消化、吸收不足而導(dǎo)致技術(shù)浪費(fèi),都會擠壓企業(yè)的自主創(chuàng)新。與此相關(guān)的兩個重要問題是,技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主創(chuàng)新是相互替代還是彼此互補(bǔ)?它們又會對創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響?為解答這兩個問題,本文進(jìn)行了豐富的統(tǒng)計分析與實證檢驗,希望提供參考。本文分別從全國層面、地區(qū)層面及產(chǎn)業(yè)層面出發(fā),詳細(xì)分析了我國創(chuàng)新經(jīng)費(fèi)投入及創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出的現(xiàn)狀。本文定義技術(shù)引進(jìn)相對勢力為技術(shù)引進(jìn)支出與自主創(chuàng)新支出的比值,以把握二者的相對變化,并以專利數(shù)量測度創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出。首先,本文分析了 1995-2014年間全國技術(shù)引進(jìn)、自主創(chuàng)新支出和創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出的波動情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國專利授權(quán)量增速與技術(shù)引進(jìn)、自主創(chuàng)新支出的相對變動的關(guān)聯(lián)不大,而專利申請量增速與之似乎存在更緊密的聯(lián)系:1995-2008年間,我國專利申請量增速與技術(shù)引進(jìn)相對勢力之間先為反向變動關(guān)系,后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥蜃儎雨P(guān)系,2009年以后二者之間波動的聯(lián)系消失,表明我國技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系可能已悄然改變。同時,我國創(chuàng)新經(jīng)費(fèi)投入和創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出在東、中、西部間的分布極不均衡,自東向西呈依次減少的趨勢。然后,本文分析了我國工業(yè)行業(yè)和高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)2005-2014年間創(chuàng)新經(jīng)費(fèi)投入及產(chǎn)出,發(fā)現(xiàn)在這兩個行業(yè)中,創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出增速與技術(shù)引進(jìn)相對勢力之間也無明顯聯(lián)系。基于以上工作,本文提出了對技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主創(chuàng)新關(guān)系的推斷。進(jìn)一步地,本文利用2005-2014年規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)和高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù),使用負(fù)二項模型對技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主創(chuàng)新的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了實證檢驗。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)自主創(chuàng)新與新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)、發(fā)明專利申請量呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,技術(shù)引進(jìn)對新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)具有顯著的推動作用,但對發(fā)明專利申請量沒有顯著影響;(2)技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主創(chuàng)新對創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出的共同影響顯著為負(fù),即技術(shù)引進(jìn)能夠弱化自主創(chuàng)新對創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)出的貢獻(xiàn),技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主創(chuàng)新之間為替代關(guān)系。這一結(jié)果提醒我們,過度依賴技術(shù)引進(jìn)容易使企業(yè)形成路徑依賴從而抑制自身的創(chuàng)新能力;因此,為了實現(xiàn)中國的強(qiáng)國之夢,鼓勵企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新是必然的選擇。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, through reform and opening up to the world, our country has adhered to the development policy of "exchanging markets for technology," and has fully brought into play its own advantage in late development by introducing a large number of advanced technologies from abroad. In a short period of time to achieve the rapid improvement of the level of science and technology. The introduction of technology has played a great role in promoting the technological progress and economic prosperity of our country. However, the "double-edged sword" characteristic of technology introduction has gradually emerged: on the one hand, technology introduction can promote enterprises to imitate innovation through learning. On the other hand, accompanied by the introduction of technology, there are also many disadvantages, such as the enterprises may form path dependence and thus lack of innovation power, or the digestion of imported technology, The absorption insufficient causes the technology waste, all can squeeze the enterprise independent innovation. Two important questions related to this are: will technology introduction and independent innovation replace each other or complement each other? What impact will they have on the output of innovation? In order to answer these two questions, this paper carries on the abundant statistical analysis and the empirical test, hoping to provide the reference. From the national level, the regional level and the industrial level, this paper analyzes in detail the current situation of innovation funds input and innovation output in China. In this paper, the relative power of technology introduction is defined as the ratio of technology import expenditure and independent innovation expenditure, in order to grasp the relative changes of the two, and to measure the innovation output by the number of patents. First of all, this paper analyzes the fluctuation of technology import, independent innovation expenditure and innovation output in China from 1995 to 2014, and finds that the relative change of technology import and independent innovation expenditure is not related to the increase of patent license in China. And there seems to be a closer link between the growth rate of patent applications and the volume of patent applications: between 1995 and 2008, the relationship between the growth rate of patent applications in China and the relative power of technology introduction is first reversed. The relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation and innovation output in China may have changed quietly after 2009. At the same time, the distribution of innovation fund input and innovation output in the east, middle and west of China is very uneven, and the trend is decreasing from east to west. Then, this paper analyzes the investment and output of innovation funds in China's industrial industry and high-tech industry from 2005 to 2014. It is found that there is no obvious relationship between the growth rate of innovation output and the relative power of technology introduction in these two industries. Based on the above work, the relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation is inferred in this paper. Furthermore, using the data of industrial enterprises and high-tech industries over the scale from 2005 to 2014, the negative binomial model is used to test the relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between independent innovation and new product research and development, and the amount of patent application for invention, and the introduction of technology plays a significant role in promoting the development of new products. However, the amount of patent application for invention has no significant impact on the innovation output. (2) the joint influence of technology introduction and independent innovation on innovation output is significantly negative, that is, technology introduction can weaken the contribution of independent innovation to innovation output. The relationship between technology introduction and independent innovation is substitution. This result reminds us that excessive dependence on technology can easily cause enterprises to form path dependence and inhibit their own innovation ability. Therefore, in order to realize China's dream of becoming a powerful nation, encouraging enterprises to innovate independently is the inevitable choice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F273.1

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