本文關鍵詞： 大學生主動性人格 社會網(wǎng)絡 創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別　出處：《云南財經(jīng)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國經(jīng)濟增速放緩,國人應將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級上,此時也正是踏踏實實創(chuàng)業(yè)的大好時機,刺激就業(yè)及創(chuàng)業(yè),是應對經(jīng)濟增長放緩的重要手段。創(chuàng)業(yè)能有效地促進經(jīng)濟的增長、緩解就業(yè)壓力,創(chuàng)業(yè)已然成為了這個時代的重要關注點。2014年李克強總理表示,要在全國掀起“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)”和“草根創(chuàng)業(yè)”的新浪潮,形成“萬眾創(chuàng)新”和“人人創(chuàng)新”的新形態(tài)。在國家創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略背景下,在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代背景下,我們需要開展大量的知識密集型創(chuàng)業(yè)活動,來提升經(jīng)濟活力。2014年中國大學生畢業(yè)人數(shù)由2004年的280萬增長到727萬,增長率為160%,“大學生就業(yè)難”就此成為媒體和各界人士關注的熱點。來自2016年中國大學生就業(yè)壓力調(diào)查報告顯示,大學生畢業(yè)人數(shù)中,僅有5.54%的畢業(yè)生選擇了自主創(chuàng)業(yè),與西方國家相比,我們還有著巨大的差距。而在當前的社會背景下、就業(yè)形勢下大學生作為知識密集型創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的主要參與者,其創(chuàng)業(yè)活動備受關注。在大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)活動中,能否識別創(chuàng)業(yè)機會,直接決定了創(chuàng)業(yè)的方向,創(chuàng)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略的實施,對創(chuàng)業(yè)結(jié)果至關重要。在已有的創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的相關文獻中,學者們從結(jié)果變量和前因變量的視角出發(fā)進行探討,結(jié)果變量包括創(chuàng)業(yè)意向、企業(yè)績效等;前因變量有先驗知識、社會資本、創(chuàng)業(yè)警覺性以及創(chuàng)業(yè)者特質(zhì)等。在對前因變量的研究中,對警覺性和先驗知識等研究相對豐富,但是從創(chuàng)業(yè)者特質(zhì)角度進行實證研究的文獻是十分匱乏的。因此,本文以已有的文獻為基礎,進行文獻的梳理,并且結(jié)合當前背景選擇大學生為研究對象,借助BatamanCrant(1993)提出的主動性人格概念,Barnes(1954)提出的社會網(wǎng)絡為中介變量,通過理論推導、問卷調(diào)查以及實證研究,探討了大學生主動性人格通過社會網(wǎng)絡進而作用于創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的路徑和機制。本文圍繞著“主動性人格影響創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別”這一基本問題,對大學生主動性人格的概念、相關研究以及維度和測量進行了回顧。對社會網(wǎng)絡的概念以及維度的劃分進行了梳理,確定本文中中介變量社會網(wǎng)絡的四個維度:網(wǎng)絡強度、規(guī)模、異質(zhì)性、中心性。按照創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別前因變量到個體因素再到創(chuàng)業(yè)者人格特質(zhì)的路徑進行文獻梳理,對創(chuàng)業(yè)機會和創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的概念進行了回顧和定義,確定了創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的測量。基于文獻綜述在第三章提出了本文的理論的模型,同時對三者的關系進行了回顧以此提出了本文的研究假設。本文變量的測量采用國內(nèi)外成熟的量表,通過問卷調(diào)查的方法進行數(shù)據(jù)收集,在剔除明顯廢卷和無效問卷后累計獲得220份合格問卷,利用SPSS19.1和Excel對問卷的可靠性和效度進行了檢驗,檢驗結(jié)果均達到標準,同時通過因子分析、多元回歸等實證研究方法對問卷的有效性以及研究假設進行了驗證。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)大學生主動性人格對創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別有正向影響作用(2)社會網(wǎng)絡以及各維度對創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別有正向影響作用(3)社會網(wǎng)絡以及各維度在主動性人格與創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的關系中起部分中介作用本文的研究結(jié)論,進一步豐富了創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的相關研究,特別是通過實證研究的方法,證實了主動性人格對創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的影響,對創(chuàng)業(yè)機會識別的前因變量研究,從人格特質(zhì)的角度進行了探討,并從信息來源和獲取的角度,將社會網(wǎng)絡作為研究的中介變量,使我們能夠更加清晰地認識到什么樣的個體更加容易識別創(chuàng)業(yè)機會,有助于啟發(fā)有創(chuàng)業(yè)想法的大學生個體,合理構(gòu)建、維護屬于自己的社會網(wǎng)絡,利用社會網(wǎng)絡獲取高質(zhì)量的信息,增加識別創(chuàng)業(yè)機會的概率,識別更多創(chuàng)業(yè)機會。同時,對現(xiàn)階段的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育活動提供啟示,對于現(xiàn)有大學生的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育,不僅是創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的基礎理論知識,還應包括社會交際相關培訓,幫助大學生構(gòu)建自己的社會網(wǎng)絡;同時,對于青少年的教育,應該幫助引導他們主動性人格的形成和發(fā)展。在文章的最后,匯總了相關結(jié)論,總結(jié)了研究的理論和實踐價值,同時指出本文存在的局限性以及對未來的展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic slowdown, Chinese people should turn their attention to industrial transformation and upgrading, this also is a good time to do business, to stimulate employment and entrepreneurship, is an important means to cope with the slowdown in economic growth. Entrepreneurship can effectively promote economic growth, alleviate the pressure of employment, entrepreneurship has become an important concern.2014 this time Prime Minister Li Keqiang said, the new wave in the country a "public business" and "entrepreneur", a new form of "all innovation" and "everyone innovation". In the background of national innovation strategy, in the context of the Internet era, we need to carry out knowledge intensive business activities of a large number of and to enhance the economic vitality of.2014 Chinese the number of university graduates increased from 2 million 800 thousand in 2004 to 7 million 270 thousand, a growth rate of 160%, "the difficult employment of college students" have become the media and from all walks of life Hot spots of concern. A report from 2016 Chinese employment pressure showed that the number of university graduates, only 5.54% of the graduates choose to start their own businesses, compared with western countries, we still have a big gap. In the current social background, the employment situation of college students as the main participants of knowledge intensive business activities. The business activities of concern. In the entrepreneurial activities, can identify business opportunities, directly determines the direction of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial strategy implementation, is essential to the entrepreneurial results. In the existing business opportunity recognition in the relevant literature, scholars are discussed from the results of the antecedent variables variables and outcome variables including entrepreneurial perspective. The intention of enterprise performance; antecedents of prior knowledge, social capital, entrepreneurial alertness and entrepreneurial traits. In the study of antecedent variables in, Study on alertness and prior knowledge are relatively abundant, but the empirical research from the perspective of entrepreneurs traits literature is very scarce. Therefore, this paper is based on the existing literature, literature review, and combined with the background of the current college students as the research object, with the help of BatamanCrant (1993) put forward the concept of proactive personality, Barnes (1954) the social network as the intermediary variable, through theoretical analysis, questionnaire survey and empirical research, discusses the path and mechanism of College Students' initiative personality through the social network's influence on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. This paper focuses on the "proactive personality affect the basic problem of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition", the concept of proactive personality of college students the related research and the dimensions and measurement were reviewed. The concept of social network and the dimension division carried out and determined in this paper intermediary The four dimensions of social networks: network strength, scale, heterogeneity, center. According to the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition to individual factors to the path of personality trait of entrepreneurs is to review the literature, the entrepreneurial opportunity and recognition of the concept of review and definition, determine the measurement of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition literature. Review put forward the theoretical model in the third chapter, based on the relationship between the three is reviewed in order to put forward the hypothesis of this research. In this paper, the measurement of variables used in domestic and foreign mature scales to collect data through the questionnaire survey method, excluding the obvious waste obtained 220 qualified questionnaires cumulative volume and invalid after the questionnaires, were tested using SPSS19.1 and Excel to test the reliability and validity, the test results meet the standard, at the same time, through factor analysis, multiple regression and empirical research methods On the validity of the questionnaires and the research hypotheses were verified. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) college students proactive personality has a positive effect on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (2) social network and various dimensions have a positive impact on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (3) and the dimensions of social network to play the part of the intermediary role in the research conclusion the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial opportunity identification, further enrich the research on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, especially through empirical research methods, confirmed the effect of proactive personality on entrepreneurial opportunity identification, the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, from the personality perspective, and from the information the source and obtain the angle of the social network as a mediator of research, so that we can more clearly understand what individuals are more likely to identify business opportunities, help Inspire entrepreneurial idea of individual students, reasonable construction, maintain their own social network, use social networks to obtain high quality information, increase the probability of the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities, identify more entrepreneurial opportunities. At the same time, provide the inspiration for entrepreneurship education activities at this stage, the existing entrepreneurship education of college students, is not only the basic theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship education, should also include social communication training, help students build their own social network; at the same time, for the education of young people, should help guide the formation and development of their proactive personality. At the end of the article, a summary of the relevant conclusions, summarizes the theoretical and practical value of the study, and points out the limitations of this article and the outlook for the future.

【學位授予單位】：云南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C913.4;F279.2

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