本文關(guān)鍵詞： 復雜研發(fā)項目 項目管理 設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)矩陣(DISM) 多領(lǐng)域矩陣(MDM)優(yōu)化 聚類　出處：《北京科技大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當今,在技術(shù)和市場的雙重驅(qū)動下,新產(chǎn)品的功能越來越強大,部件越來越復雜,產(chǎn)品的復雜性可以更好地滿足消費者的需求并給企業(yè)帶來商業(yè)契機,然而,產(chǎn)品的復雜性導致研發(fā)流程更加復雜,流程的復雜性導致組織結(jié)構(gòu)和團隊間的溝通也變得更為復雜。因此,對于復雜研發(fā)項目而言,困難不僅僅來自于設(shè)計任務本身,也來自于管理的復雜性,如何高效地管理研發(fā)項目部件、流程和組織之間的復雜關(guān)系,對于研發(fā)項目的成功起著至關(guān)重要的作用。本文基于設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)矩陣(DSM)和質(zhì)量功能展開(QFD)等方法,對復雜研發(fā)項目中的流程和組織進行建模與優(yōu)化,主要研究內(nèi)容如下：(1)為分析復雜研發(fā)項目的功能、部件和流程之間的耦合依賴關(guān)系,提出了將質(zhì)量功能展開法和設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)矩陣相結(jié)合,構(gòu)建了基于QFD和DSM的研發(fā)項目多級瀑布模型,以分析關(guān)鍵設(shè)計參數(shù)的變更對產(chǎn)品功能、部件及流程的影響。首先,建立了產(chǎn)品功能和關(guān)鍵設(shè)計參數(shù)之間關(guān)系的質(zhì)量屋,分析關(guān)鍵設(shè)計參數(shù)變更對產(chǎn)品功能的影響程度,確定功能之間的依賴關(guān)系,由此構(gòu)建功能DSM模型,實現(xiàn)從QFD到功能DSM的量化轉(zhuǎn)換,將產(chǎn)品研發(fā)與前端市場需求相結(jié)合,有利于提高新產(chǎn)品市場認可度。其次,基于多領(lǐng)域矩陣(MDM)進行跨領(lǐng)域元素之間依賴關(guān)系建模研究,構(gòu)建“功能-部件-流程”跨領(lǐng)域元素之間相互映射關(guān)系準則和依賴度測量模型,得到反映流程間耦合關(guān)系的流程DSM。(2)進一步,對采用上述瀑布模型得到的流程DSM進行排序優(yōu)化,綜合考慮流程優(yōu)化過程中可能對優(yōu)化結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響的多種因素,不僅考慮了反饋點數(shù)和反饋距離,也考慮迭代過程中返工概率、返工影響強度對項目的影響,及活動的成本和持續(xù)時間對排序結(jié)果的影響,以最小化“總協(xié)調(diào)成本”為目標函數(shù),運用遺傳算法并采用Matlab軟件編程,對流程DSM進行排序優(yōu)化,并采用DSM仿真方法評估項目優(yōu)化后的效果,結(jié)果表明,本文所采用的優(yōu)化方法可以有效降低項目成本,縮短工期,提高項目績效。(3)設(shè)計活動間的重疊是研發(fā)項目的基本特征,重疊可以縮短工期,但也會導致返工風險,并增加與重疊并行性相關(guān)的成本。為探索重疊活動間的多次溝通對返工風險的影響,本文構(gòu)建了基于多次溝通-風險的重疊模型,根據(jù)重疊活動間上下游活動的具體特性,建立了上游活動的信息變更率和下游活動的返工影響敏感度函數(shù),從而探索多次溝通對返工風險的影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了活動返工風險和返工量計算模型及與重疊進行性相關(guān)的成本模型,并以成本節(jié)約值最大化為目標函數(shù),求解得得到重疊活動間最佳的溝通次數(shù)和溝通間隔。進一步,建立描述項目所有活動間禍合關(guān)系的流程DSM矩陣,采用遺傳算法對多次溝通-風險的重疊模式下的流程DSM進行排序優(yōu)化并對優(yōu)化結(jié)果進行仿真分析。(4)為分析產(chǎn)品功能、部件、技術(shù)措施及執(zhí)行團隊之間錯綜復雜的依賴關(guān)系,提出了擴展的域映射矩陣(EDMM)的概念,即在傳統(tǒng)功能和部件DMM的基礎(chǔ)上,考慮技術(shù)措施對功能和部件的影響,構(gòu)建基于技術(shù)措施的功能-部件EDMM,并根據(jù)技術(shù)措施和功能、部件之間的關(guān)系,推導技術(shù)措施之間的間接依賴關(guān)系。進一步,改進了組織DSM聚類方法,通過對組織架構(gòu)的聚類優(yōu)化,使得類內(nèi)的信息溝通最大化、溝通成本最小化,而不同類之間溝通最小化,從而形成利于溝通的組織模式,降低組織的復雜性。
[Abstract]:Today, in the dual drive technology and market, more and more powerful components of new products, more and more complex, the complexity of products can better meet the needs of consumers and bring business opportunities, however, because of the complexity of product development process more complicated process because of the complexity of organizational structure and team communication to become more complex. Therefore, the complex development project, not only from the difficult design task itself, but also from the complexity of management, how to effectively manage the project components, the complex relationship between process and organization, for project success plays a vital role. In this paper, based on design structure matrix (DSM) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, modeling and optimization of complex development project in the process and organization, the main research contents are as follows: (1) for the analysis of complex R & D project function, coupling between components and process dependencies, the quality function deployment method and design structure matrix combination, constructs the QFD and DSM projects of multi-level waterfall model based on the analysis of key design parameters change to the function of products, components and processes. First, establish the house of quality the relationship between product function and key design parameters, analysis of key design parameters change on the degree of influence of product function, determine the dependencies between functions, thus constructing the function model of DSM, realize the conversion from QFD to quantify the function of DSM, combining the front end product development and market demand, improve new product market acceptance. Secondly, based on the multi domain matrix (MDM) modeling of the dependence between the cross domain elements, constructing "the criterion of mutual mapping between functional components and process of cross domain relation of elements And the dependence of the measurement model, the coupling relationship between the reflected process flow of DSM. (2) further, sorting optimization of the waterfall model obtained by adopting the process of DSM, a variety of factors which may influence the optimization process considering the results of the optimization process, not only consider the number of feedback and feedback distance, also consider the rework probability iterative process in effect, rework impact on the project, and the effect of activity cost and duration of the ranking results, to minimize the total cost of coordination "as the objective function, using genetic algorithm and using Matlab software programming, sort the optimization process of DSM, and uses DSM simulation method to evaluate the effect of optimization project. The results show that and the optimization method adopted in this paper can effectively reduce the project cost, shorten the construction period, improve project performance. (3) the design activity overlapping is a basic feature of research and development projects Overlap, can shorten the construction period, but also lead to rework risk and increase the cost, and overlapping related. In order to explore the communication between multiple overlapping activities of rework risk, this paper constructs the overlap model based on risk - repeated communication, according to the specific characteristics of overlapping activities between upstream and downstream activities, establish rework effect of sensitivity function of upstream activity information change rate and downstream activities, so as to explore the multiple effects of communication rework risk, on the basis of the cost model and the model with overlapping of related activities and the amount of rework rework risk calculation, and to save the cost of value maximization as the objective function, solving get overlap among the activities of the best communication frequency and communication interval. Further, the process of DSM matrix to describe the coupling relationship between all project activities, using genetic algorithm to repeatedly communicate risk overlap Under the mode of process DSM ranking optimization and simulation analysis of the optimization results. (4) for the analysis of product features, components, perplexing dependencies between technical measures and implementation team, proposed domain mapping matrix expansion (EDMM) concept, which is based on the traditional functions and components of DMM, considering the influence of Technology measures on the function and components of the building components technical measures function based on EDMM, and according to the technical measures and functions, the relationship between parts, between the derivation of technical measures of indirect dependency relations. Further, improved DSM clustering method, the clustering optimization of organizational structure, make class communication of information maximization communication, cost minimization, and minimize the communication between different classes, so as to form the organization mode to facilitate communication, reduce the complexity of the organization.

【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F273.2

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