本文選題：小額信貸 + 信任機(jī)制��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)70年代，孟加拉格萊珉銀行創(chuàng)辦了小額信貸業(yè)務(wù)，開始取得了很大的成功并受到世界各地的熱捧。孟加拉格萊珉銀行之所以取得成功是因為它提供的小額信貸服務(wù)迎合了廣大貧窮農(nóng)民的迫切需要，滿足了廣大農(nóng)民的生存需要。80年代，小額信貸業(yè)務(wù)傳入中國，，并在中國取得了較快的發(fā)展。 根據(jù)我國的具體情況，小額信貸的目標(biāo)有兩個：一方面，給窮人提供貸款，讓他們能獲得可以受益的信貸服務(wù)；另一方，使小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)盈利并實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。這兩者是相輔相成的，前者是根本目的，而后者為前者的前提條件和保障。要想使這兩個目標(biāo)同時實現(xiàn)，我們可以通過將信任機(jī)制引入小額信貸服務(wù)來實現(xiàn)�？v觀諸多小額信貸運(yùn)作的機(jī)制，無論是聯(lián)保貸款、順序放款、信用激勵還是定期召開中心會議，無一不是利用同輩監(jiān)督和成員間的軟信息在起保障作用，而在這其中如果沒有借貸雙方及借款成員間的相互信任，這些機(jī)制是無法發(fā)揮作用的。信任機(jī)制之所以比其他治理機(jī)制更能很好的發(fā)揮作用，是因為它是一種廉價的、靈活的和愉快的交易治理機(jī)制。除此之外，信任機(jī)制還能抵御難以甚至無法發(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會主義行為。但是，信任機(jī)制具有很強(qiáng)的脆弱性，主要體現(xiàn)在當(dāng)機(jī)會主義行為的潛在收益大于制裁所造成的損害時，具有自利動機(jī)的借款人就有可能采取機(jī)會主義行為。但與其他治理機(jī)制不同，當(dāng)機(jī)會主義行為被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時候，信任可以在瞬間毀滅。在這種情況下，重新建立信任是十分困難的，有時甚至是不可能的。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對小額信貸和信任機(jī)制的研究都不少。但是將信任機(jī)制引入到小額信貸并探討小額信貸信任機(jī)制的構(gòu)建的文章比較少。因此，本文的研究目的是對小額信貸信任機(jī)制的構(gòu)建進(jìn)行研究，通過信任機(jī)制的引入使小額信貸服務(wù)可以有更深一步的發(fā)展。 本文首先通過文獻(xiàn)綜述對國內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行了概括和總結(jié)，文獻(xiàn)綜述主要從三個方面進(jìn)行研究：信任的作用和失信根源的研究、聲譽(yù)在信任治理中的作用研究、小額信貸信任治理實踐研究。接下來給出了小額信貸中信任的含義和特點，小額信貸中的信任具有經(jīng)驗性、傳播性、脆弱性和差異性的特點。接著分析了我國小額信貸業(yè)務(wù)目前發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和存在的問題，指出將信任機(jī)制引入小額信貸中的必要性。又通過對小額信貸信任機(jī)制的構(gòu)建，給出了三種小額信貸信任機(jī)制：小額信貸信任評估審核機(jī)制、小額信貸信任形成機(jī)制、小額信貸信任保障機(jī)制。其中小額信貸信任形成機(jī)制分為了過程型形成機(jī)制、特征型形成機(jī)制和規(guī)范型形成機(jī)制三種類型。小額信貸信任保障機(jī)制也分為了基于制度約束的信任保障機(jī)制和基于聲譽(yù)約束的信任保障機(jī)制，并在小額信貸信任保障機(jī)制中運(yùn)用靜態(tài)博弈論證明了基于制度約束的小額信貸信任保障機(jī)制的可行性，并給出了其不足，然后運(yùn)用有限重復(fù)博弈和無限重復(fù)博弈證明了基于聲譽(yù)約束的小額信貸信任保障機(jī)制的可行性。并通過對孟加拉格萊珉銀行和印度尼西亞人民銀行的實踐說明了將信任機(jī)制引入小額信貸服務(wù)中后，小額信貸得到了進(jìn)一步的擴(kuò)展。在文章最后給出了本文的結(jié)論和政策性建議。
[Abstract]:In 1970s, the founder of Grameen Bank microfinance business began to have achieved great success and has been around the world blitz. Grameen Bank was successful because it provides microfinance services to cater to the urgent needs of the majority of poor farmers, to meet the needs of farmers living in.80, micro credit business introduction China, and achieved rapid development in China.
According to the specific situation of our country, microfinance has two objectives: on the one hand, to provide loans to the poor, so that they can get benefit from the credit service; the other party, the microfinance institutions profit and realize the sustainable development. The two are complementary to each other, the former is the objective, while the latter is the former prerequisite and guarantee. In order to make the two goals at the same time, we can be realized by the trust mechanism is introduced. The mechanism of microfinance services throughout many microfinance operation, whether guaranteed loans, loan credit incentive or order, regularly held the conference center, with no use of soft information between members and peer supervision in the guarantee, in which if there is no mutual trust between the members of both lending and borrowing, these mechanisms cannot play its role. The trust mechanism is better than the other governance mechanisms It is good to play a role, because it is a cheap, flexible and pleasant transaction governance mechanism. Besides, the trust mechanism can resist opportunistic behavior are difficult or even impossible to find. However, trust mechanism has a strong vulnerability, mainly reflected in the potential gains when the opportunity is greater than the behavior of sanctions when the damage has the self motivation of borrowers is likely to take opportunistic behavior. But unlike other governance mechanisms, when opportunistic behavior was found, trust in the instant destruction. In this case, the re establishment of trust is very difficult, sometimes even impossible. Domestic and foreign scholars on the small credit and trust mechanism are many. But the trust mechanism is introduced to microfinance and microfinance on trust mechanism construction of the article is less. Therefore, this paper research. It is a study of the construction of micro credit trust mechanism, and the introduction of trust mechanism can make microfinance service have a deeper development.
Firstly, through the literature review on the domestic and foreign research are summarized and the literature review, mainly from three aspects: Study on the role of trust and credit sources, to study the effect of reputation on trust governance, governance practice of microfinance trust. Next the meaning and characteristics of trust in microfinance given microfinance the trust has spread, empirical, fragile characteristics and differences. Then analyzes the microfinance business of our country's current situation and existing problems, points out the necessity of introducing the trust mechanism in microfinance and microfinance. Based on the construction of the trust mechanism, gives three kinds of microfinance trust mechanism: microfinance microfinance trust evaluation audit mechanism, trust mechanism, trust mechanism of microfinance. The microfinance trust formation mechanism in the process The formation mechanism, characteristics of mechanism and standard formation mechanism of three types of microfinance. Trust guarantee mechanism is also divided into the trust security system constraint mechanism and security mechanism based on trust based on reputation restriction, and in the micro credit trust guarantee mechanism in using the static game theory to prove the feasibility of the system constraints of microfinance trust guarantee mechanism based on, and gives its shortcomings, and then use the finite repeated game and infinitely repeated game to prove the feasibility of the micro credit reputation constraint based on trust guarantee mechanism. And through the practice of Bangladesh Grameen Bank Levin lattice and the people's Bank of Indonesia that the trust mechanism into microfinance services, microfinance has been further extended. At the end of the conclusion and policy suggestions are given.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.3;F832.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張文靜;孔榮;卡利姆·特維;;我國農(nóng)村小額信貸的誠信機(jī)制研究[J];商業(yè)研究;2009年03期

2 程民選;信譽(yù):從社會資本視角分析[J];財經(jīng)科學(xué);2005年02期

3 葉初升,孫永平;信任問題經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的最新進(jìn)展與實踐啟示[J];國外社會科學(xué);2005年03期

4 蒙永亨;;廣西欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的金融支持研究[J];廣西輕工業(yè);2007年07期

5 鄭振東,楊智斌;農(nóng)戶小額信貸可持續(xù)發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析[J];河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2005年01期

6 張維迎;法律制度的信譽(yù)基礎(chǔ)[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2002年01期

7 張維迎,柯榮住;信任及其解釋:來自中國的跨省調(diào)查分析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2002年10期

8 楊曉麗;;對農(nóng)戶小額信貸的調(diào)查與思考——來自江蘇省豐縣華山鎮(zhèn)的調(diào)查[J];農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì);2006年05期

9 魚小強(qiáng);國際小額信貸的發(fā)展趨勢[J];農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì);2005年03期

10 王輝;蔣常紅;;信貸市場中的聲譽(yù)效應(yīng)研究[J];浙江金融;2005年12期

本文編號：1751742