發(fā)布時間：2018-03-16 12:06

  本文選題：慈善捐贈　切入點(diǎn)：募捐許可　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在我國，慈善捐贈與社會保障是互補(bǔ)的，具有濃厚的官方色彩，在汶川地震之后，國內(nèi)慈善捐贈蓬勃上升。然而在經(jīng)歷了慈善事業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展之后，隨著國內(nèi)與慈善捐贈有關(guān)的各類案件跌出不窮，我國的慈善事業(yè)似乎開始進(jìn)入停滯階段。一方面，以官方主導(dǎo)的主要慈善捐贈組織腐敗狀況頻發(fā)，如汶川大地震之后官員私分地震捐款案，紅十字會“郭美美事件”和2011年“萬元餐費(fèi)”事件；另一方面，類似石曉燕剩余捐款歸屬糾紛案、鐘永先捐款被侵占案的大量慈善捐贈案件此起彼伏，許多諸如“送飯黨”等等的草根慈善組織被取締違法。慈善捐贈問題無法在我國現(xiàn)存法律制度體系內(nèi)找到完美的解決方案，我國公眾的慈善愛心以及對慈善事業(yè)的信心倍受打擊，慈善捐贈發(fā)起的隨意性導(dǎo)致我國的慈善事業(yè)處于極度無序狀態(tài)。 本文基于慈善捐贈糾紛的深入分析，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在解決捐贈糾紛時有三個方面的缺失：一是國內(nèi)以官方主導(dǎo)的慈善組織腐敗案件迭出，使得具有慈善捐贈意愿的公眾信心受到打擊，導(dǎo)致慈善組織公信力缺失，沒有充分調(diào)動社會剩余資源；二是慈善捐贈法律制度的缺失，只有《公益事業(yè)捐贈法》唯一一部有效法律專門規(guī)范慈善捐贈，無法全面的規(guī)范國內(nèi)的公益性慈善捐贈及民間直接慈善捐贈，民法的“補(bǔ)償原則”或相關(guān)規(guī)定無法有效事前規(guī)范慈善捐贈行為，現(xiàn)實(shí)中的慈善捐贈糾紛無法可循；三是慈善捐贈缺乏富有成效的制度指引，，國內(nèi)慈善捐贈現(xiàn)狀混亂，募捐隨意，缺乏有效規(guī)制。2001年，全國人大常委會通過了《信托法》，自此，我國正式設(shè)立了公益信托制度，然而公益信托卻在我國的慈善捐贈領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)平庸，公益信托與慈善捐贈在結(jié)合上存在空白，因此將靈活而功能強(qiáng)大的信托制度與規(guī)范慈善捐贈結(jié)合便值得探索。本文共分為以下三個部分： 第一部分，通過慈善捐贈中的四個不同角度的案例為切入點(diǎn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了我國慈善捐贈糾紛存在的剩余捐款歸屬不明、缺乏有效的事前事中監(jiān)督、對捐贈財產(chǎn)的管理運(yùn)用混亂等等問題；梳理我國慈善捐贈的法律制度體系，發(fā)現(xiàn)只存在《公益事業(yè)捐贈法》唯一一部直接規(guī)范慈善捐贈的法律，公益信托未被有效利用，慈善捐贈存在法律制度供給不足的立法困境，缺乏富有成效、直接規(guī)范慈善捐贈的法律；通過對國內(nèi)慈善捐贈數(shù)量變化趨勢、以基金會為主的慈善捐贈組織的案例等的總結(jié)，得出我國慈善捐贈現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀的結(jié)論。 第二部分，與美國的慈善捐贈模式對比，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)我國的基金會含義與美國不同，美國的基金會法人與公益信托是融合的，美國基金會既包括基金會法人，又包括公益信托，我國慈善基金會范圍并不包含公益信托，功能強(qiáng)大而完善的公益信托在實(shí)踐中未被重視。將公益信托、基金會法人兩種模式進(jìn)行比較研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)在慈善捐贈領(lǐng)域，公益信托具有基金會無可比擬的優(yōu)勢，公益信托更適合于慈善捐贈類的公益事業(yè)，公益信托是我國慈善捐贈的最佳選擇。 第三部分中探討慈善捐贈適用公益信托的制度設(shè)計，分別從臺灣地區(qū)、國內(nèi)的立法實(shí)踐，理論基礎(chǔ)、制度基礎(chǔ)與社會基礎(chǔ)等角度考察捐贈財產(chǎn)適用公益信托的可行性，將“募捐許可”與公益信托制度相結(jié)合，搭建公益信托與慈善捐贈連通的橋梁。通過募捐財產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一設(shè)立公益信托、開拓民間捐贈適用公益信托的渠道，最終把民間慈善捐贈納入公益信托的適用領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:In our country, philanthropy and social security are complementary, with a strong official color, after the earthquake in Wenchuan, domestic charitable donations rise. However, after a vigorous development of philanthropy, charitable donations and all kinds of cases with the domestic related or not poor, China's charity seems to have come to a standstill stage. On the one hand, the corruption situation mainly charity organization official leading frequently, such as Wenchuan earthquake after the earthquake donation officials embezzle case, the Red Cross "Jocie Guo incident" in 2011 and "million meals" incident; on the other hand, similar to Shi Xiaoyan surplus donation ownership dispute case, Zhong Yongxian donation encroachment case large charitable donations in many cases such as "meal as one falls, another rises, the party" and so on the grassroots charitable organizations banned illegal. Charitable donations can not be found in the problems existing in China's legal system. The perfect solution is that our public charitable love and the confidence in philanthropy have been battered. The philanthropy launched arbitrariness has led to the extremely disordered state of charity in China.
In this paper, based on in-depth analysis of charitable donation disputes, can be found in solving disputes have lack of donations in three aspects: one is the domestic leading to charitable organizations official corruption cases filed one after another, makes charitable donations will hit public confidence, leading to lack of credibility of charitable organizations, not fully mobilize social surplus resources; two the lack of charitable donation legal system, only the "Donation Law > only a valid law specifically regulate domestic public welfare charitable donations, charitable donations and private charitable donations directly can not be a complete specification of the civil law, the compensation principle or the relevant provisions can not be effective prior norms charitable donations, charitable donations to the reality of the dispute to follow; three is the lack of institutional guidelines for charitable donations fruitful, domestic charitable donation donation status chaos, random, lack of effective regulation of.2001 Year, the National People's Congress passed the "trust law", since then, China formally established the system of charitable trust, charitable trust is however in the field of charitable donations in China in the mediocrity of charitable trust and charitable donations, there is a gap in the combination, so the flexible and powerful trust system and the specification is combined with charitable donations exploration. This paper is divided into the following three parts:
The first part, through four different angles of charitable donations in the case as the breakthrough point, discovered the existence of our charitable donation disputes surplus donation attribution unknown, the lack of effective supervision in advance, the use of donated property management confusion problems; legal system of combing China's charitable donations, found only. The donation law > only a direct specification of charitable donation law, public trust is not the effective use of charitable donations has legislative difficulties of supply of the legal system, lack of effective direct charitable donation legal norms; the number of domestic philanthropy trends, charity organizations to fund the case. Summary of the current situation that the charitable donation in China is not optimistic conclusion.
The second part, with the comparison of charitable donation model, this paper found that China's fund meaning different from the United States, the United States the foundation and public trust is the integration of the American foundation, including the foundation, including the public trust, Chinese charity fund range does not include public trust, powerful and complete the public trust is not paid much attention to in practice. The public trust fund, a comparative study on corporate two models found in the field of charitable donations, charitable trust fund has the advantage of There is nothing comparable to this charitable trust, more suitable for charitable donations such public welfare, public trust is the best choice for charitable donations in China.
Discussion on system design for charitable donations of public trust in the third part, respectively, from the Taiwan area, the theoretical basis of legislative practice, the institutional basis and social basis of perspective to study the feasibility of the donated property apply to public trust, "donations license" and public trust system combined to build a bridge of public trust and charitable donation connected. Through the establishment of a unified collection of property of public trust, private donations for charitable trust open channels, eventually the folk charitable donations into the field of application of public trust.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.182.3;D922.282

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 解錕;英國慈善信托制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2010年

本文編號：1619839