【摘要】：近年來，我國的經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展，居民的收入也日益增多，但不可回避的是，我國現(xiàn)階段也出現(xiàn)了一系列的問題。我們可以從兩個角度分析這些問題，從效率角度看，我國長期以投資和出口拉動經(jīng)濟增長，這樣的經(jīng)濟增長模式不僅不符合市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的規(guī)律而且對我國的經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也會帶來不利影響。從公平角度看，我國的教育、醫(yī)療、社會保障、就業(yè)等民生領(lǐng)域存在不平等的現(xiàn)象，因此也在民生領(lǐng)域積聚了一定的社會矛盾。如果這些問題得不到解決勢必會影響我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定。擴大內(nèi)需尤其是在我國經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)軌時期顯得尤為重要，以消費帶動經(jīng)濟才是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的長久之計。而且在我國提倡政府盡快的轉(zhuǎn)變職能，從生產(chǎn)型政府轉(zhuǎn)向公共服務(wù)型政府的前提下，政府如果利用民生財政支出來帶動居民的消費，既能改善民生問題，又能促進經(jīng)濟走向健康發(fā)展的道路。 通過對國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的整理，可以看出，財政支出對居民消費可能存在兩個方面的影響：一個是“替代作用”即財政支出會擠出居民消費，另一個是促進作用，，即政府財政支出增加有利于居民消費水平的提高。在對民生的研究中，學(xué)者們普遍認(rèn)同我國的居民收入存在差距，但卻鮮有人研究地方民生財政支出對不同收入階層的居民消費的影響，因此，本文將對城鎮(zhèn)不同收入階層的居民消費作為研究對象。 本文首先對民生、民生財政等相關(guān)概念做了界定，其次對本文要研究的對象追根溯源即對相關(guān)的理論基礎(chǔ)做了分析。然后運用統(tǒng)計計算和圖表描述對我國歷年的財政狀況以及城鎮(zhèn)居民消費情況做了細(xì)致的分析并討論了地方民生財政支出水平低、城鎮(zhèn)居民有效需求不足的原因，在實證章節(jié)通過建立地方民生財政支出與低收入階層、中等收入階層、高收入階層的城鎮(zhèn)居民消費之間關(guān)系的計量模型，得出地方民生財政支出對城鎮(zhèn)不同收入階層的居民消費的影響。研究的結(jié)論顯示：民生財政支出對居民消費有促進作用，尤其是對城鎮(zhèn)中的低收入者效果更為明顯。在文章的最后，針對實證的結(jié)論，提出了一些政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in our country, the income of residents is increasing day by day, but it can not be avoided that a series of problems have appeared at this stage in our country. We can analyze these problems from two angles. From the point of view of efficiency, China can stimulate economic growth by investment and exports for a long time. Such an economic growth model not only does not conform to the law of market economy development, but also has a negative impact on the sustainable development of China's economy. From the point of view of fairness, there are inequalities in education, medical care, social security, employment and other fields of people's livelihood in China, so there are some social contradictions in the field of people's livelihood. If these problems are not solved, it is bound to affect the economic development and social stability of our country. It is particularly important to expand domestic demand, especially in the period of economic system transition in China. Consumption-driven economy is the long-term solution to economic development. Moreover, under the premise that our country advocates the transformation of the function of the government as soon as possible and changes from the productive government to the public service government, if the government makes use of the financial expenditure of the people's livelihood to promote the consumption of the residents, it can not only improve the people's livelihood. It can also promote the road of healthy economic development. Through the collation of domestic and foreign literature, we can see that there may be two effects of fiscal expenditure on residents' consumption: one is the "substitution effect", that is, the fiscal expenditure will squeeze out the residents' consumption, the other is the promoting effect. That is, the increase of government fiscal expenditure is conducive to the improvement of residents' consumption level. In the study of people's livelihood, scholars generally agree that there is a gap in the income of residents in our country, but few people study the impact of local people's livelihood financial expenditure on the consumption of residents of different income strata. Therefore, This paper takes the residents' consumption of different income strata in cities and towns as the research object. This paper first defines the related concepts of people's livelihood, people's livelihood finance and so on, and then analyzes the relevant theoretical basis by tracing back to the source of the object to be studied in this paper. Then, using statistical calculation and chart description, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the financial situation and the consumption of urban residents in China over the years, and discusses the reasons for the low level of local people's livelihood financial expenditure and the shortage of effective demand of urban residents. In the empirical chapter, through the establishment of a measurement model of the relationship between local people's livelihood financial expenditure and the consumption of urban residents in the low-income class, the middle-income class and the high-income class, The influence of local people's livelihood financial expenditure on the residents' consumption of different income strata in cities and towns is obtained. The conclusion of the study shows that the financial expenditure of people's livelihood can promote the consumption of residents, especially for the low-income people in cities and towns. At the end of the paper, some policy suggestions are put forward in view of the empirical conclusions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.45;F126.1

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