【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)收入分配領(lǐng)域改革的深入,城鄉(xiāng)居民的生活水平得到了極大的改善,但與此同時(shí),城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距卻在持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,已經(jīng)影響到社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的擴(kuò)大受到多種因素的綜合影響,人力資本便是其中之一。通過(guò)人力資本的積累,個(gè)人可以充分發(fā)揮其潛能,提高工作水平,促進(jìn)效率增長(zhǎng),有利于增加收入。因此,基于城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距所處的外部環(huán)境及形成原因,本文從人力資本的教育視角出發(fā)進(jìn)行研究,給出相應(yīng)的縮小該差距的合理的對(duì)策建議,使本文的研究對(duì)于改善收入差距現(xiàn)狀具有理論上的擴(kuò)展性和現(xiàn)實(shí)中的應(yīng)用性。本論文從人力資本的教育投入視角出發(fā)研究城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距問(wèn)題。文章基于研究背景、意義以及國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于該問(wèn)題的研究綜述,對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)教育投入差異的具體表現(xiàn)、城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的現(xiàn)狀及形成原因以及教育投入對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入的分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),教育與我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距存在著緊密的聯(lián)系。首先,從教育投入水平的角度看。初等教育投入和中等教育投入的增加能起到改善城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的作用,并且中等教育投入的影響更大,而高等教育投入的增加會(huì)使城鄉(xiāng)收入差距現(xiàn)狀惡化。因此,要從教育投入方面改善收入差距,應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在初等和中等教育投入上。其次,從區(qū)域教育投入差異角度看。對(duì)于西部來(lái)說(shuō),高等教育投入對(duì)于加劇城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的作用更明顯,而初等教育投入對(duì)于縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距更有利且其對(duì)西部的作用比對(duì)于全國(guó)的作用更大。對(duì)于東部來(lái)說(shuō),教育投入越低越不利于縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,同時(shí),高等教育投入需要達(dá)到很高水平才會(huì)加劇收入差距,中等教育投入規(guī)模擴(kuò)大則會(huì)改善城鄉(xiāng)收入差距現(xiàn)狀。因此,若要縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,對(duì)于西部不發(fā)達(dá)區(qū)域來(lái)說(shuō),初等教育投入更重要且應(yīng)該受到重視,對(duì)于東部發(fā)達(dá)區(qū)域來(lái)說(shuō),則應(yīng)該增加中等教育的投入力度。最后,從城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等角度看。其投入越平等,則越能夠改善城鄉(xiāng)收入差距現(xiàn)狀。對(duì)于城市來(lái)說(shuō),教育投入的增加并不會(huì)改善收入差距。而農(nóng)村則不同,在較低水平內(nèi)增加教育投入就會(huì)對(duì)減小收入差距產(chǎn)生積極作用。所以要改善城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育的投入必不可少,即通過(guò)提高義務(wù)教育質(zhì)量提高農(nóng)村的受教育水平。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of income distribution in China, the living standard of urban and rural residents has been greatly improved, but at the same time, the income gap between urban and rural residents has been expanding, which has affected social stability and economic growth. The widening of urban-rural income gap is affected by many factors, human capital is one of them. Through the accumulation of human capital, individuals can give full play to their potential, improve their working level, promote efficiency growth, and increase income. Therefore, based on the external environment of the income gap between urban and rural residents and the reasons for its formation, this paper makes a study from the perspective of human capital education, and puts forward some reasonable countermeasures and suggestions to narrow the gap. The research in this paper has theoretical expansibility and practical application to improve the income gap. This paper studies the income gap between urban and rural residents from the perspective of human capital education. Based on the research background, significance and domestic and foreign research on this issue, the article shows the difference between urban and rural education investment. The present situation and reasons of income gap between urban and rural residents and the influence of educational investment on income gap between urban and rural residents are analyzed. The study found that there is a close relationship between education and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. First of all, from the perspective of the level of investment in education. The increase of investment in primary education and secondary education can improve the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the effect of investment in secondary education is even greater, while the increase of investment in higher education will worsen the current situation of income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, to improve the income gap in terms of education investment, we should focus on primary and secondary education investment. Secondly, from the perspective of regional education investment differences. For the west, the investment of higher education plays a more important role in exacerbating the income gap between urban and rural areas, while the investment in primary education is more favorable for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and plays a more important role in the west than in the whole country. For the east, the lower the investment in education is, the less conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap. At the same time, the higher education investment needs to reach a very high level to aggravate the income gap, and the expansion of the scale of the investment in secondary education will improve the current situation of the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, if we want to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, the investment in primary education is more important and should be paid attention to in the underdeveloped regions of the west, and in the developed regions in the east, the investment in secondary education should be increased. Finally, from the perspective of urban and rural education inequality. The more equal the input, the better the income gap between urban and rural areas can be improved. For cities, an increase in investment in education does not improve income inequality. In rural areas, increasing investment in education at lower levels will have a positive effect on reducing the income gap. Therefore, to improve the income gap between urban and rural areas, the input of rural compulsory education is essential, that is, to improve the quality of compulsory education in rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G521;F124.7

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