低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下我國(guó)政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能轉(zhuǎn)變研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 05:49
【摘要】：政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能是政府職能中最歷久彌新的一項(xiàng)職能。從亞當(dāng)·斯密的“自由放任理論”到20世紀(jì)30年代的凱恩斯主義“國(guó)家干預(yù)”理論的出世，從貨幣學(xué)派和供給學(xué)派的“市場(chǎng)自由論”到新的國(guó)家干預(yù)理論的出現(xiàn)，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中政府的作用，經(jīng)過(guò)了一個(gè)循環(huán)往復(fù)的過(guò)程。現(xiàn)在，大部分學(xué)者都已經(jīng)承認(rèn)國(guó)家干預(yù)與市場(chǎng)機(jī)制處在同等重要的位置上，而研究的重點(diǎn)就慢慢集中到政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能的選擇上以及政府干預(yù)的方式、范圍和程度。 低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)是未來(lái)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展的方向，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)追究其根本，其本質(zhì)就是一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念，利用科學(xué)技術(shù)、制度和能源創(chuàng)新，減少煤炭和石油這些高污染、高能耗的能源的使用，以此來(lái)控制溫室氣體的排放，實(shí)現(xiàn)一種經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與生態(tài)保護(hù)并行的雙規(guī)發(fā)展模式。具體來(lái)說(shuō)的話(huà)，目前的這種模式有低碳技術(shù)、低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)體系以及低碳能源系統(tǒng)等等。進(jìn)行低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展是我國(guó)未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)的必然選擇，也是提高我國(guó)綜合國(guó)力的重要舉措。而相對(duì)于政府職能，尤其是政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)職能，必須堅(jiān)持與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，才能不斷的推動(dòng)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，而所謂的政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能，其實(shí)就是國(guó)家為了更好的發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行宏觀調(diào)控，統(tǒng)籌管理的一系列職能。我國(guó)政府作為最高的行政權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)，是制定宏觀發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的主體，策略選擇的正確與否直接影響著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的環(huán)境的好壞。 鼓勵(lì)和發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)不僅需要國(guó)家的政策支持，更加需要地方政府充分發(fā)揮好自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)職能，目前，在我國(guó)，政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)職能是一直運(yùn)作的，政府部門(mén)擁有公共權(quán)力，他們利用這部分權(quán)力制定一系列的規(guī)則制度限制個(gè)人和組織的行為，在一定程度上，政府甚至可以調(diào)控這些個(gè)體的行為。同時(shí)為了維護(hù)市場(chǎng)的秩序，政府需要一些相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)，政府維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序的職能主要表現(xiàn)在保護(hù)合法產(chǎn)權(quán)、完善法制建設(shè)、理順利益關(guān)系等方面。再就是政府通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)職能，還可以為社會(huì)提供公共物品，所有社會(huì)成員都可以享受政府提供的集體消費(fèi)品。盡管政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能的運(yùn)行取得了可觀成績(jī)，但是就目前的情況發(fā)展下去，是跟不上時(shí)代的步伐的，對(duì)于我國(guó)政府來(lái)說(shuō)，必須要建立一套可以持久創(chuàng)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)職能機(jī)制，而這一機(jī)制將會(huì)是未來(lái)幾年國(guó)家政府部門(mén)重視的工作點(diǎn)。 因此，調(diào)整我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的總體戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，積極轉(zhuǎn)變我國(guó)政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能配合低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展是勢(shì)在必行的。其中戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)包括：建立能源戰(zhàn)略?xún)?chǔ)備體系，全面保障能源安全；到本世紀(jì)末，建成環(huán)境友好型，社會(huì)主義和諧的低碳社會(huì)；到本世紀(jì)中葉，低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)模式建立，成為我國(guó)主流經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式。而政府如何轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)職能配合低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，則需要分別從政府與市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系、政策法規(guī)、地方碳交易市場(chǎng)機(jī)制、節(jié)能減排以及市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管等五個(gè)方面入手，，全面轉(zhuǎn)變政府經(jīng)濟(jì)職能，來(lái)推動(dòng)我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，這樣既可以達(dá)到國(guó)家可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目的，也能為中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義建設(shè)提供長(zhǎng)久的推動(dòng)力。
[Abstract]:The economic function of government is one of the most enduring and new functions of government. From Adam Smith's "laissez-faire theory" to the birth of Keynesian "state intervention" theory in the 1930s, from the "market freedom theory" of Monetary School and supply school to the emergence of new theory of state intervention, the government in the market economy. At present, most scholars have recognized that state intervention and market mechanism are on the same important position, and the focus of research is gradually focused on the choice of government economic functions and the way, scope and degree of government intervention.
Low-carbon economy is the development direction of the world economy in the future. Low-carbon economy is a fundamental concept of sustainable development. It uses science and technology, system and energy innovation to reduce the use of high-polluting and energy-consuming energy such as coal and oil, so as to control greenhouse gas emissions and achieve economic development and life. To be specific, the current model includes low-carbon technology, low-carbon industrial system and low-carbon energy system. The development of low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for China's future economy and an important measure to improve China's overall national strength. Economic functions must keep pace with the times in order to continuously promote the development of low-carbon economy. In fact, the so-called economic functions of the government are a series of functions of macro-control and overall management of economic activities in order to better develop the economy. Whether the strategy choice is right or not directly affects the environment of the economic system and enterprise production.
Encouraging and developing a low-carbon economy requires not only national policy support, but also local governments to give full play to their economic functions. At present, in China, the economic functions of the government have been functioning, and government departments have public power. They use this power to formulate a series of rules and regulations to restrict the behavior of individuals and organizations. At the same time, in order to maintain the order of the market, the government needs some relevant laws and regulations. The functions of the government to maintain the order of the market are mainly manifested in the protection of legitimate property rights, the improvement of the legal system and the smooth relationship between the interests. All members of society can enjoy the collective consumer goods provided by the government when the public goods are provided by the society. Despite the considerable achievements in the operation of the government's economic functions, the development of the present situation can not keep up with the pace of the times. For our government, it is necessary to establish a set of economic functional mechanisms that can be sustained and innovative. And this mechanism will be the focus of government departments in the next few years.
Therefore, it is imperative to adjust the overall strategic objectives of China's low-carbon economic development and actively change the economic functions of our government in line with the high-speed development of the low-carbon economy. By the middle of this century, the establishment of low-carbon economic model has become the mainstream economic development model in China. How to change the economic functions of the government to match the development of low-carbon economy, we need to start from the relationship between the government and the market, policies and regulations, local carbon trading market mechanism, energy conservation and emission reduction, and market supervision and other five aspects to comprehensively transform government. The government economic functions to promote the development of China's low-carbon economy, which can not only achieve the goal of sustainable development of the country, but also provide a long-term impetus for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F121;D630
本文編號(hào)：2235725
[Abstract]:The economic function of government is one of the most enduring and new functions of government. From Adam Smith's "laissez-faire theory" to the birth of Keynesian "state intervention" theory in the 1930s, from the "market freedom theory" of Monetary School and supply school to the emergence of new theory of state intervention, the government in the market economy. At present, most scholars have recognized that state intervention and market mechanism are on the same important position, and the focus of research is gradually focused on the choice of government economic functions and the way, scope and degree of government intervention.
Low-carbon economy is the development direction of the world economy in the future. Low-carbon economy is a fundamental concept of sustainable development. It uses science and technology, system and energy innovation to reduce the use of high-polluting and energy-consuming energy such as coal and oil, so as to control greenhouse gas emissions and achieve economic development and life. To be specific, the current model includes low-carbon technology, low-carbon industrial system and low-carbon energy system. The development of low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for China's future economy and an important measure to improve China's overall national strength. Economic functions must keep pace with the times in order to continuously promote the development of low-carbon economy. In fact, the so-called economic functions of the government are a series of functions of macro-control and overall management of economic activities in order to better develop the economy. Whether the strategy choice is right or not directly affects the environment of the economic system and enterprise production.
Encouraging and developing a low-carbon economy requires not only national policy support, but also local governments to give full play to their economic functions. At present, in China, the economic functions of the government have been functioning, and government departments have public power. They use this power to formulate a series of rules and regulations to restrict the behavior of individuals and organizations. At the same time, in order to maintain the order of the market, the government needs some relevant laws and regulations. The functions of the government to maintain the order of the market are mainly manifested in the protection of legitimate property rights, the improvement of the legal system and the smooth relationship between the interests. All members of society can enjoy the collective consumer goods provided by the government when the public goods are provided by the society. Despite the considerable achievements in the operation of the government's economic functions, the development of the present situation can not keep up with the pace of the times. For our government, it is necessary to establish a set of economic functional mechanisms that can be sustained and innovative. And this mechanism will be the focus of government departments in the next few years.
Therefore, it is imperative to adjust the overall strategic objectives of China's low-carbon economic development and actively change the economic functions of our government in line with the high-speed development of the low-carbon economy. By the middle of this century, the establishment of low-carbon economic model has become the mainstream economic development model in China. How to change the economic functions of the government to match the development of low-carbon economy, we need to start from the relationship between the government and the market, policies and regulations, local carbon trading market mechanism, energy conservation and emission reduction, and market supervision and other five aspects to comprehensively transform government. The government economic functions to promote the development of China's low-carbon economy, which can not only achieve the goal of sustainable development of the country, but also provide a long-term impetus for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F121;D630
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