南部非洲五國農(nóng)林資源及中非合作潛力研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 10:45
【摘要】：2012年，浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)和國際竹藤組織聯(lián)合組建了非洲農(nóng)林研究院(CAFOR)。本文作為非洲農(nóng)林研究院農(nóng)業(yè)部中非農(nóng)業(yè)合作國別報告的一部分，針對南部非洲的五個國家——納米比亞、博茨瓦納、南非、萊索托和斯威士蘭，就該五國當(dāng)前農(nóng)林業(yè)資源狀況和資源利用上存在的問題進行了較為系統(tǒng)的論述，，并對中國和南部非洲五國的農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)兩個方面的發(fā)展情況進行了比較。在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析我國農(nóng)林業(yè)發(fā)展的原因，進而提出中國與南部非洲地區(qū)農(nóng)林業(yè)合作的建議，為中非農(nóng)林業(yè)合作開發(fā)與研究提供信息。具體結(jié)論如下： 農(nóng)業(yè)上，南部非洲受到殖民時期非洲農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的影響，非洲國家當(dāng)前的農(nóng)業(yè)政策仍帶有一定殖民經(jīng)濟的性質(zhì)，偏向發(fā)展少數(shù)幾種出口作物，國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)投資少，無法滿足消費需求。糧食過分依賴進口，對外依賴性大，因此國際市場等外部條件的變化對非洲國家的沖擊性強。非洲國家應(yīng)加強對農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重視，把提高糧食產(chǎn)量、實現(xiàn)糧食自給、保證國家糧食安全作為發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的首要任務(wù)，實施重農(nóng)惠農(nóng)的措施；制定相應(yīng)的優(yōu)惠政策，吸引國外投資。同時要加強先進農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的引進、研發(fā)和推廣，培養(yǎng)科技人才，深入實地，加強與農(nóng)民的聯(lián)系，解決農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)中的問題，引導(dǎo)、培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民運用新技術(shù)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。此外，有必要進行農(nóng)田基本建設(shè)，平整土地，改良鹽堿地，施用有機肥；改善農(nóng)田灌溉條件，推廣節(jié)水灌溉；建立有效的防治體系，加強對自然災(zāi)害的抵御能力，加強病蟲害防治等手段，減少自然災(zāi)害造成的損失。 林業(yè)上，南部非洲發(fā)展以木材采伐為主，木材多以原木形式出口，深加工很少，經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一。缺少先進的技術(shù)、設(shè)備和方法，木材開發(fā)的利用率不高，自然消耗的木材量很大，造成木材的大量浪費。突出問題在于木材采伐量大，而木材加工工業(yè)薄弱。為此，建議對初級林產(chǎn)品進行深加工，增加林產(chǎn)品附加值；根據(jù)非洲實際，運用一些適用于當(dāng)?shù)氐募夹g(shù)，引進先進的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，做好市場調(diào)查，開發(fā)林業(yè)新產(chǎn)品，增強非洲林產(chǎn)品的市場競爭力，擴展市場份額；同時注意培養(yǎng)當(dāng)?shù)氐牧謽I(yè)人才；最后，林業(yè)發(fā)展中要注重保護生態(tài)環(huán)境和森林資源，使人與自然協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，避免走“先發(fā)展后治理”的老路，發(fā)展生態(tài)林業(yè)�；诜侵薜淖匀粭l件及我國的研發(fā)優(yōu)勢，本文建議南部非洲林業(yè)上可考慮種植竹子及四個速生樹種，發(fā)展相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)。 中國在南部非洲農(nóng)林業(yè)發(fā)展中具備南部非洲所需的技術(shù)，中非農(nóng)林業(yè)在原有合作基礎(chǔ)上具有開展深入交流合作的潛力。希望本文的結(jié)果可為雙方農(nóng)林業(yè)的合作提供有用的信息。
[Abstract]:In 2012, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization jointly established the African Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (CAFOR). This paper, as part of the National report on Agricultural Cooperation between Africa and Africa of the Ministry of Agriculture of the African Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, is aimed at five countries in southern Africa-Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. This paper systematically discusses the current situation and utilization of agricultural and forestry resources in the five countries, and compares the development of agriculture and forestry between China and the five countries in southern Africa. On this basis, this paper analyzes the reasons for the development of agriculture and forestry in China, and then puts forward some suggestions for the cooperation between China and southern Africa in agriculture and forestry, and provides information for the development and research of agricultural forestry cooperation between China and Africa. The specific conclusions are as follows: in agriculture, southern Africa was affected by the agricultural development of Africa during the colonial period, and the current agricultural policies of African countries are still somewhat colonial in nature, favouring the development of a few export crops, Domestic agricultural investment is small, unable to meet consumer demand. Food is too dependent on imports and heavily dependent on foreign countries, so the changes in external conditions such as the international market have a strong impact on African countries. African countries should pay more attention to the development of agriculture, take increasing grain production, realizing self-sufficiency of grain, ensuring national food security as the primary task of developing agriculture, and implement measures to give priority to agriculture and benefit farmers; and formulate corresponding preferential policies. Attract foreign investment. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the introduction, research and development and popularization of advanced agricultural technology, train scientific and technological talents, go deep into the field, strengthen contact with farmers, solve problems in farmers' production, guide and train farmers to use new technologies to develop agricultural production. In addition, it is necessary to carry out farmland infrastructure, to level the land, to improve saline-alkali land, to apply organic fertilizer, to improve irrigation conditions and to promote water-saving irrigation, to establish effective control systems and to strengthen resilience to natural disasters, Strengthen pest control and other means to reduce the losses caused by natural disasters. In forestry, timber harvesting is the main development in southern Africa, timber is mostly exported in the form of logs, deep processing is rare, and the economic structure is relatively simple. Lack of advanced technology, equipment and methods, the utilization of wood development is not high, natural consumption of wood is very large, resulting in a large amount of waste of wood. The outstanding problem lies in the large amount of wood cutting, while the wood processing industry is weak. To this end, it is recommended that primary forest products be further processed to increase the added value of forest products, that, according to the reality in Africa, some locally applicable technologies be used, advanced production equipment be introduced, market research is done and new forestry products are developed. Enhance the market competitiveness of African forest products and expand market share; at the same time, pay attention to the training of local forestry personnel; finally, in forestry development, emphasis should be placed on the protection of the ecological environment and forest resources, so that people can develop in harmony with nature. Avoid taking the old road of "first development and then management", and develop ecological forestry. Based on the natural conditions of Africa and the advantages of R & D in China, this paper suggests that the planting of bamboo and four fast-growing trees should be considered in forestry of southern Africa to develop corresponding industries. China possesses the necessary technology for the development of agriculture and forestry in southern Africa, and China and Africa have the potential to carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation on the basis of the original cooperation. It is hoped that the results of this paper can provide useful information for the cooperation between the two sides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F125.5;F347
本文編號：2209161
[Abstract]:In 2012, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization jointly established the African Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (CAFOR). This paper, as part of the National report on Agricultural Cooperation between Africa and Africa of the Ministry of Agriculture of the African Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, is aimed at five countries in southern Africa-Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. This paper systematically discusses the current situation and utilization of agricultural and forestry resources in the five countries, and compares the development of agriculture and forestry between China and the five countries in southern Africa. On this basis, this paper analyzes the reasons for the development of agriculture and forestry in China, and then puts forward some suggestions for the cooperation between China and southern Africa in agriculture and forestry, and provides information for the development and research of agricultural forestry cooperation between China and Africa. The specific conclusions are as follows: in agriculture, southern Africa was affected by the agricultural development of Africa during the colonial period, and the current agricultural policies of African countries are still somewhat colonial in nature, favouring the development of a few export crops, Domestic agricultural investment is small, unable to meet consumer demand. Food is too dependent on imports and heavily dependent on foreign countries, so the changes in external conditions such as the international market have a strong impact on African countries. African countries should pay more attention to the development of agriculture, take increasing grain production, realizing self-sufficiency of grain, ensuring national food security as the primary task of developing agriculture, and implement measures to give priority to agriculture and benefit farmers; and formulate corresponding preferential policies. Attract foreign investment. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the introduction, research and development and popularization of advanced agricultural technology, train scientific and technological talents, go deep into the field, strengthen contact with farmers, solve problems in farmers' production, guide and train farmers to use new technologies to develop agricultural production. In addition, it is necessary to carry out farmland infrastructure, to level the land, to improve saline-alkali land, to apply organic fertilizer, to improve irrigation conditions and to promote water-saving irrigation, to establish effective control systems and to strengthen resilience to natural disasters, Strengthen pest control and other means to reduce the losses caused by natural disasters. In forestry, timber harvesting is the main development in southern Africa, timber is mostly exported in the form of logs, deep processing is rare, and the economic structure is relatively simple. Lack of advanced technology, equipment and methods, the utilization of wood development is not high, natural consumption of wood is very large, resulting in a large amount of waste of wood. The outstanding problem lies in the large amount of wood cutting, while the wood processing industry is weak. To this end, it is recommended that primary forest products be further processed to increase the added value of forest products, that, according to the reality in Africa, some locally applicable technologies be used, advanced production equipment be introduced, market research is done and new forestry products are developed. Enhance the market competitiveness of African forest products and expand market share; at the same time, pay attention to the training of local forestry personnel; finally, in forestry development, emphasis should be placed on the protection of the ecological environment and forest resources, so that people can develop in harmony with nature. Avoid taking the old road of "first development and then management", and develop ecological forestry. Based on the natural conditions of Africa and the advantages of R & D in China, this paper suggests that the planting of bamboo and four fast-growing trees should be considered in forestry of southern Africa to develop corresponding industries. China possesses the necessary technology for the development of agriculture and forestry in southern Africa, and China and Africa have the potential to carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation on the basis of the original cooperation. It is hoped that the results of this paper can provide useful information for the cooperation between the two sides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F125.5;F347
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