中國居民資產(chǎn)不平等研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 18:09
【摘要】：進入21世紀(jì)以來,科技進步日新月異,世界經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展,尤其在經(jīng)濟全球化的背景下,經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展更是迅猛。但與此同時,世界上很多國家的不平等(收入、資產(chǎn)、財富、福利等)在加劇。改革開放的三十多年,中國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就,人們的生活水平有了顯著提高。但作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,中國的貧富差距問題卻日益嚴(yán)重,不平等問題愈演愈烈。國內(nèi)已有大量文獻研究收入不平等,而對資產(chǎn)不平等的研究還十分稀少,鑒于此,本文對居民資產(chǎn)不平等進行研究。由于個體在消費和儲蓄時關(guān)注的是當(dāng)前資產(chǎn)水平和未來預(yù)期收入,也就是說資產(chǎn)存量而非當(dāng)期收入決定個體的消費和儲蓄;其次,資產(chǎn)分布狀況在很大程度上影響了國民的消費結(jié)構(gòu)和儲蓄結(jié)構(gòu),進而影響了宏觀經(jīng)濟的正常運行;另外由于經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)、地理因素和其他原因,居民資產(chǎn)的不平等水平日益嚴(yán)重。本文研究不平等時首先介紹了測度不平等的主流方法和現(xiàn)代方法,這些主流方法包括基尼系數(shù)和洛倫茲曲線,泰爾指數(shù),變異系數(shù)和扭曲系數(shù)等。而測度不平等的現(xiàn)代方法包括Bonferroni指數(shù)與De Vergottini指數(shù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了每種指標(biāo)的優(yōu)缺點及適用情況,并對比了B指數(shù)、V指數(shù)與G指數(shù)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):第一,當(dāng)需要按收入來源進行不平等的分解時最好使用基尼指數(shù)。第二,當(dāng)需要進行不平等的群組間的分解時最好使用泰爾指數(shù)。第三,B指數(shù)關(guān)注的重點是低收入群體,V指數(shù)關(guān)注的重點是高收入群體,G指數(shù)關(guān)注的重點是中等收入群體。第四,B指數(shù)、V指數(shù)不滿足道爾頓人口原則而G指數(shù)滿足。第五,這三個指數(shù)都滿足庀古.道爾頓轉(zhuǎn)移原則,B指數(shù)滿足位置轉(zhuǎn)移敏感性原則(PPTS)而V指數(shù)、G指數(shù)不滿足該原則。本文首先使用B指數(shù)、V指數(shù)與G指數(shù)對中國居民資產(chǎn)不平等進行了整體測度,然后在居民資產(chǎn)構(gòu)成上對不平等進行分解時采用基尼系數(shù)與Bonferroni指數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)奢侈品等其他非金融資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)的不平等性是最高的。在進行居民資產(chǎn)的城鄉(xiāng)分解時,使用泰爾指數(shù)法和Bonferroni指數(shù)法都發(fā)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)間的差距對總不平等的影響很小。使用泰爾指數(shù)法發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)村居民資產(chǎn)的不平等水平較城鎮(zhèn)居民較高;使用Bonferroni指數(shù)法發(fā)現(xiàn),城鎮(zhèn)居民資產(chǎn)的不平等水平較農(nóng)村居民較高。這與不同指數(shù)對不同收入群體的敏感性及政府的福利政策密切相關(guān),泰爾指數(shù)對高收入群體的收入變化很敏感,Bonferroni指數(shù)對低收入群體的收入變化很敏感。對居民資產(chǎn)進行區(qū)域分解時使用泰爾指數(shù)和Bonferroni指數(shù)分解法都發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)域間的不平等對總不平等的影響很小,東部地區(qū)居民資產(chǎn)的不平等性最高,西部地區(qū)次之,中部地區(qū)的不平等性最低。為此,本文提出以下幾點建議。第一,綜合運用不平等的測量方法。第二,采取不同的措施降低城鎮(zhèn)內(nèi)部的不平等和農(nóng)村內(nèi)部的不平等。第三,針對區(qū)域的不同特點采取不同種措施來縮小東、中、西區(qū)域內(nèi)部內(nèi)部的資產(chǎn)差距。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, science and technology have progressed with each passing day, the world economy has developed rapidly, especially in the context of economic globalization. At the same time, inequality (income, assets, wealth, welfare, etc.) in many countries in the world has intensified. However, as the largest developing country in the world, the gap between the rich and the poor is becoming more and more serious, and inequality is becoming more and more serious. Because individuals are concerned about the current level of assets and future expected income when they consume and save, that is to say, the stock of assets rather than current income determines the consumption and savings of individuals; secondly, the distribution of assets to a large extent affects the consumption structure and savings structure of the people, thereby affecting the normal operation of the macro-economy. In addition, due to economic foundation, geographical factors and other reasons, the level of inequality in residential assets is becoming more and more serious. This paper first introduces the mainstream methods and modern methods of measuring inequality, which include Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve, Theil index, coefficient of variation and coefficient of distortion. Modern methods include the Bonferroni index and the De Vergottini index. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of each index and its application are analyzed, and the B index, V index and G index are compared. The results show that: first, the Gini index is best used when unequal decomposition is needed according to income sources. Second, when unequal groups are needed. Thirdly, the focus of index B is on the low-income group, the focus of index V is on the high-income group, and the focus of index G is on the middle-income group. Then, the B index satisfies the PPTS principle while the V index and G index do not. Firstly, this paper uses the B index, V index and G index to measure the inequality of Chinese residents'assets as a whole, and then uses Gini coefficient and Bonferroni index to decompose the inequality of Chinese residents' assets and finds luxury goods. The inequality of non-financial assets and financial assets is the highest. In the process of decomposing the urban and rural residents'assets, both the Theil index method and Bonferroni index method find that the gap between urban and rural areas has little effect on the total inequality. Rroni index method found that the urban residents'asset inequality is higher than that of rural residents, which is closely related to the sensitivity of different indicators to different income groups and government welfare policies. Theil index is very sensitive to the income changes of high-income groups, and Bonferroni index is very sensitive to the income changes of low-income groups. In the process of regional decomposition, both Theil index and Bonferroni index decomposition are used to find that regional inequality has little effect on the total inequality. The inequality of residents'assets in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region and the central region is the lowest. Methods. Secondly, different measures were taken to reduce the urban and rural inequality. Thirdly, different measures were taken to narrow the internal asset gap among the eastern, central and western regions according to the different characteristics of the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124.7
本文編號：2208041
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, science and technology have progressed with each passing day, the world economy has developed rapidly, especially in the context of economic globalization. At the same time, inequality (income, assets, wealth, welfare, etc.) in many countries in the world has intensified. However, as the largest developing country in the world, the gap between the rich and the poor is becoming more and more serious, and inequality is becoming more and more serious. Because individuals are concerned about the current level of assets and future expected income when they consume and save, that is to say, the stock of assets rather than current income determines the consumption and savings of individuals; secondly, the distribution of assets to a large extent affects the consumption structure and savings structure of the people, thereby affecting the normal operation of the macro-economy. In addition, due to economic foundation, geographical factors and other reasons, the level of inequality in residential assets is becoming more and more serious. This paper first introduces the mainstream methods and modern methods of measuring inequality, which include Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve, Theil index, coefficient of variation and coefficient of distortion. Modern methods include the Bonferroni index and the De Vergottini index. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of each index and its application are analyzed, and the B index, V index and G index are compared. The results show that: first, the Gini index is best used when unequal decomposition is needed according to income sources. Second, when unequal groups are needed. Thirdly, the focus of index B is on the low-income group, the focus of index V is on the high-income group, and the focus of index G is on the middle-income group. Then, the B index satisfies the PPTS principle while the V index and G index do not. Firstly, this paper uses the B index, V index and G index to measure the inequality of Chinese residents'assets as a whole, and then uses Gini coefficient and Bonferroni index to decompose the inequality of Chinese residents' assets and finds luxury goods. The inequality of non-financial assets and financial assets is the highest. In the process of decomposing the urban and rural residents'assets, both the Theil index method and Bonferroni index method find that the gap between urban and rural areas has little effect on the total inequality. Rroni index method found that the urban residents'asset inequality is higher than that of rural residents, which is closely related to the sensitivity of different indicators to different income groups and government welfare policies. Theil index is very sensitive to the income changes of high-income groups, and Bonferroni index is very sensitive to the income changes of low-income groups. In the process of regional decomposition, both Theil index and Bonferroni index decomposition are used to find that regional inequality has little effect on the total inequality. The inequality of residents'assets in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the western region and the central region is the lowest. Methods. Secondly, different measures were taken to reduce the urban and rural inequality. Thirdly, different measures were taken to narrow the internal asset gap among the eastern, central and western regions according to the different characteristics of the region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124.7
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