【摘要】：與傳統(tǒng)學(xué)科界限鮮明不同,生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)跨學(xué)科交叉研究,注重讓問題來(lái)決定研究工具集,而不是由研究工具來(lái)決定合適的對(duì)象。由于生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題涉及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng),研究對(duì)象屬性多樣、關(guān)系復(fù)雜,既有采用傳統(tǒng)意義上的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方法如生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值核算等方法,也包括生活質(zhì)量、生計(jì)途徑、消費(fèi)評(píng)估等社會(huì)學(xué)方法。因此,采取關(guān)注學(xué)科主要方法發(fā)展演化的思路,難以系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究進(jìn)展。我國(guó)西北地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對(duì)落后,無(wú)疑是生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的"天然典型實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)",取得了大量的研究成果。遵循從研究對(duì)象出發(fā)的思路,采用經(jīng)典的ImPACTS等式框架,以更寬泛的視野和系統(tǒng)的思維框架綜述了西北地區(qū)典型生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)證研究的思路,即:采用等級(jí)層次分析方法研究生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)某個(gè)或多個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)性成分及其關(guān)系,再用實(shí)際結(jié)果檢驗(yàn)其正確性。綜述重要進(jìn)展包括:可持續(xù)性衡量從物質(zhì)、能量和信息角度開展了水資源承載力、生態(tài)足跡、能值與上升性的研究;生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)和自然資本的價(jià)值評(píng)估開展了條件估值和選擇模型,以及環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)賬戶、物質(zhì)流等集成核算工作;人類福利狀況評(píng)價(jià)開展了幸福及生活質(zhì)量核算工作;開展了生態(tài)補(bǔ)償全流程的實(shí)證研究工作;集成模擬模型開展了空間建模環(huán)境的構(gòu)建及簡(jiǎn)單自然過(guò)程的模擬,以LUCC和生態(tài)補(bǔ)償為例進(jìn)行了較好的自然過(guò)程和人文因素相耦合的集成模擬研究;以社會(huì)適應(yīng)性能力作為整體性指標(biāo)研究了社會(huì)資源對(duì)水資源的適應(yīng)作用,將社會(huì)資源解耦為文化類型、社會(huì)資本和制度三個(gè)維度進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了未來(lái)開展研究的建議。
[Abstract]:Different from the traditional discipline, ecological economics emphasizes interdisciplinary research, and focuses on the decision of research tool set by the problem, not the suitable object by the research tool. Because the ecological economy problem involves ecosystem and social economic system, the object of study is diverse and the relationship is complicated, both the traditional methods of ecological economics, such as ecosystem service value accounting, and the quality of life are adopted. Means of livelihood, consumption evaluation and other sociological methods. Therefore, it is difficult to systematically summarize the progress of ecological economy research by adopting the idea of focusing on the main methods of discipline development and evolution. The ecological environment of northwest China is fragile and the economic development is relatively backward. It is undoubtedly a "natural typical experimental field" for the study of ecological economy, and a large number of research results have been obtained. Following the train of thought from the research object and adopting the classical ImPACTS equality framework, this paper summarizes the ideas of the typical ecological economy empirical research in Northwest China with a broader vision and a systematic thinking framework. That is to say, the hierarchical analysis method is used to study one or more structural components of ecosystem and economic system and their relationships, and the correctness of the method is verified by the actual results. Important advances in the review include: sustainability measurement has carried out research on the carrying capacity of water resources, ecological footprint, energy and ascendancy from the perspective of material, energy and information; The valuation of ecosystem services and natural capital carried out conditional valuation and selection models, as well as integrated accounting of environmental and economic accounts, material flows, human welfare assessment, happiness and quality of life accounting; An empirical study on the whole process of ecological compensation has been carried out, and the integrated simulation model has carried out the construction of spatial modeling environment and the simulation of simple natural processes. Taking LUCC and ecological compensation as an example, a better integrated simulation study of the coupling of natural process and human factors is carried out, and the adaptation of social resources to water resources is studied with the ability of social adaptability as an integral index. The social resources are decoupled into three dimensions: cultural type, social capital and institution. On this basis, suggestions for future research are put forward.
【作者單位】： 蘭州大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所內(nèi)陸河流域生態(tài)水文重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目“需水管理導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)村居民用水行為研究——以黑河流域?yàn)槔?批準(zhǔn)號(hào):41571516) 中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“基于LCA和DEA方法結(jié)合的西北綠洲農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)效率研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):2016M590980)
【分類號(hào)】：F124.5
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本文編號(hào)：2188547