本文選題：人力資本 + 教育不平等�。� 參考：《浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)2013年全國(guó)兩會(huì)報(bào)告的表述，我國(guó)目前的國(guó)情有三個(gè)“顯著提高”——社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和綜合國(guó)力顯著提高，人民生活水平和社會(huì)保障水平顯著提高，國(guó)際地位和國(guó)際影響力顯著提高�？v然如此，我們也需考慮到國(guó)家快速發(fā)展伴隨的“副作用”，即居民內(nèi)部特別是城鄉(xiāng)居民之間的收入差距問題。 引起城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的原因不一而足，本文結(jié)合不同學(xué)者的詮釋發(fā)現(xiàn)，個(gè)體收入水平很大程度上是由個(gè)體人力資本水平?jīng)Q定的。而教育是人力資本投資最主要的形式，教育的不平等尤其表現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)間的不平等。因此，城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等對(duì)于城鄉(xiāng)收入差距持續(xù)擴(kuò)大的影響就是本文期望得到的結(jié)果，即城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等和城鄉(xiāng)收入不平等呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。 本文首先以緒論展開，介紹本文的研究背景和意義，概括的描述了本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和思路，簡(jiǎn)要的對(duì)兩個(gè)重要的相關(guān)概念做了評(píng)析，并對(duì)前人的研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)以代際內(nèi)教育不平等、代際間教育不平等、教育擴(kuò)展等與收入分配差距的相關(guān)關(guān)系分成三塊予以分別闡述和總結(jié)評(píng)價(jià)。其次，本文通過(guò)教育不平等和收入分配理論基礎(chǔ)的途徑，從不同的角度對(duì)教育差距擴(kuò)大、城鄉(xiāng)間教育不平等、收入差距擴(kuò)大成因進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的剖析，并對(duì)教育通過(guò)哪些路徑影響收入差距擴(kuò)大的效應(yīng)進(jìn)行根本的解析。接著，主要通過(guò)官方統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)如《中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》、《中國(guó)人口和就業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》、《中國(guó)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》和《新中國(guó)60年統(tǒng)計(jì)資料匯編》，引用、計(jì)算、整理成相關(guān)的圖表和數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)用教育不平等的存量因素如平均受教育年限、城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比較（絕對(duì)值和相對(duì)值）、生均教育經(jīng)費(fèi)和財(cái)政性預(yù)算內(nèi)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)占GDP的比例等等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行定量分析。再對(duì)我國(guó)教育的概況、城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等情況和城鄉(xiāng)收入不平等及其兩者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行現(xiàn)實(shí)的分析，得出的結(jié)論為：城鄉(xiāng)之間的教育不平等影響城鄉(xiāng)的收入差距擴(kuò)大，收入差距的擴(kuò)大又進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致教育的不平等。此后，我們運(yùn)用搜集的資料并進(jìn)行相關(guān)的運(yùn)算得出2005-2011年7年間的省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)，，對(duì)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距關(guān)系進(jìn)行計(jì)量實(shí)證分析，實(shí)證結(jié)果表明，我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民受教育機(jī)會(huì)是不均等的，受教育機(jī)會(huì)的不均等導(dǎo)致了城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力受教育程度和質(zhì)量的不均衡，并以此影響勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，最終表現(xiàn)為城鄉(xiāng)收入的差距。而且我們引進(jìn)的時(shí)間虛擬變量表明城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等也是影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距今后動(dòng)態(tài)變化的重要因素。最后，根據(jù)前述的理論分析和實(shí)證結(jié)果，本文認(rèn)為城鄉(xiāng)收入差距持續(xù)擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)必須要從教育上下手，從根本上解決城鄉(xiāng)教育不平等的狀況，并以此提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。一是加大教育投入力度，縮小城鄉(xiāng)教育投入差距；二是調(diào)整教育的投資結(jié)構(gòu)，從向高等教育傾斜到向基礎(chǔ)教育傾斜轉(zhuǎn)變，特別是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)教育（義務(wù)教育）；三是重視職業(yè)教育和教育培訓(xùn)，畢竟活到老、學(xué)到老，正規(guī)教育用途總是有限的；四是打破城鄉(xiāng)勞動(dòng)力分割，完善勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)體系，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育師資和設(shè)施投入。所有的措施圍繞縮小城鄉(xiāng)教育差距從而縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距這一命題來(lái)開展。
[Abstract]:According to the statement of the 2013 national two session report, China's current national conditions have three "remarkable improvements" - the social productivity and the comprehensive national strength have been significantly improved, the people's living standards and social security level have been significantly improved, and the international status and international influence have been significantly improved. Side effects, that is, the income gap between residents, especially urban and rural residents.
The reasons for the income gap between urban and rural residents are different. In this paper, it is found that the level of individual income is largely determined by the level of individual human capital. Education is the most important form of human capital investment, and the inequality of education is especially unequal between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the inequality between urban and rural education is not equal. The impact of the widening income gap between urban and rural areas is the expected result of this paper, that is, urban and rural education inequality is positively correlated with income inequality in urban and rural areas.
This paper begins with an introduction, introduces the background and significance of the study, briefly describes the contents and ideas of the study, briefly reviews the two important related concepts, and the relationship between the inequality of intergenerational education, the inequality of intergenerational education, the expansion of education and the gap of income distribution. It is divided into three pieces respectively to elaborate and summarize the evaluation. Secondly, through the approaches of educational inequality and income distribution theory, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the expansion of education gap, the inequality of education between urban and rural areas and the widening of income gap from different angles, and the effects of Education through which ways affect the widening of income gap. Then, through official statistical data such as the Chinese Statistical Yearbook, the Yearbook of Chinese population and employment statistics, the Yearbook of China's education funds statistics and the 60 year statistics of China, citing, calculating, sorting out the related charts and data, using the factors of inequality in education, such as the average number of years of education. The rural residents' income comparison (absolute value and relative value), the ratio of education funds and the proportion of educational funds in the financial budget to GDP, and so on, and then analyze the situation of education in China, the inequality of urban and rural education and the relationship between urban and rural income inequality and their relationship, and the conclusion is that the urban and rural areas are between urban and rural areas. The inequality of education affects the widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the expansion of the income gap further leads to the inequality of education. After that, we use the data collected and carried out the related operation to get the provincial panel data of 2005-2011 years and 7 years, and make an empirical analysis of the relationship between urban and rural education inequality and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. The empirical results show that the educational opportunities of urban and rural residents in China are unequal, and the inequality of education opportunities leads to the uneven education and quality of the urban and rural labor force, which affects labor productivity, and ultimately shows the gap between urban and rural income. In the end, according to the theoretical analysis and empirical results mentioned above, this paper believes that the continuous expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas must be carried out from education, fundamentally solve the inequality of urban and rural education, and put forward corresponding policy suggestions. First, increase the investment in education, To narrow the gap between urban and rural education investment, two is to adjust the investment structure of education, from higher education to basic education, especially the basic education in rural areas (Compulsory Education); the three is to pay attention to vocational education and education training, after all, it is old, and the use of formal education is always limited; and the four is to break the urban and rural labor. In order to reduce the gap between urban and rural education and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, we should improve the labor market system and strengthen the labor market system and strengthen the input of teachers and facilities in rural basic education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G521;F124.7

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本文編號(hào)：2037821