本文選題：對外貿(mào)易 + 技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：技術(shù)進(jìn)步作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一個(gè)重要推動因素，近年來已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)話題，從最初Hicks研究的中性技術(shù)進(jìn)步，，到現(xiàn)在大量關(guān)于技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的文獻(xiàn)。而我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的研究也逐漸進(jìn)入了我們的視野，但是根據(jù)目前的成果，關(guān)于我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的研究并不深入。現(xiàn)有的一些文獻(xiàn)已經(jīng)證明了我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步并非中性，而是偏向于某一生產(chǎn)要素。不過作為影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的重要成因，對外貿(mào)易是如何影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的這一問題并沒有得到足夠的重視。尤其是對于我國而言，從改革開發(fā)以來，我國的對外貿(mào)易程度迅速提升，目前中國已經(jīng)成為僅次于美國的全球第二大貿(mào)易國。而對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，在一定程度上為我國技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新提供了模仿和學(xué)習(xí)的途徑。因此本文將從我國實(shí)際出發(fā)，遵照以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)將技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性內(nèi)生化，并且將兩個(gè)生產(chǎn)要素假定為資本和勞動，對比引入貿(mào)易前后對技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的影響。進(jìn)而得到與不同發(fā)展程度的國家進(jìn)行對外貿(mào)易會如何影響我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步的偏向性。 本文主要的思路為：首先建立一個(gè)不存在貿(mào)易的理論模型，引入資本和勞動作為生產(chǎn)要素，分析技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性的影響因素有哪些，以及這些因素的變動會如何影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性。在引入貿(mào)易之后，考慮對于本國而言，分別與相對發(fā)達(dá)國家和相對不發(fā)達(dá)國家進(jìn)行對外貿(mào)易將會對技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性產(chǎn)生怎樣的影響，值得注意的是，我們研究的是生產(chǎn)要素的貿(mào)易，因此我們引入了一個(gè)中間廠商，同時(shí)假設(shè)了技術(shù)的研發(fā)存在成本，通過最大化中間廠商的利潤來進(jìn)行分析。接下來的實(shí)證研究中，我們根據(jù)已有文獻(xiàn)的研究的基礎(chǔ)上選取數(shù)據(jù)來計(jì)算我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步相對偏向性的大小。而后計(jì)算與不同發(fā)達(dá)程度的國家進(jìn)行對外貿(mào)易時(shí)我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步相對偏向性如何變化。最后，運(yùn)用數(shù)理模型和計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)的回歸來分析實(shí)際發(fā)生的貿(mào)易量與技術(shù)進(jìn)步偏向性之間的相關(guān)性。根據(jù)以上的研究，我們得到結(jié)論：與不存在對外貿(mào)易的情況相比，當(dāng)我國和相對更發(fā)達(dá)的國家進(jìn)行對外貿(mào)易時(shí)，我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步更偏向于資本；當(dāng)我國和相對更不發(fā)達(dá)的國家進(jìn)行對外貿(mào)易時(shí)，我國的技術(shù)進(jìn)步更偏向于勞動。由此我們認(rèn)為，一方面我國需要不斷提升我國的對外貿(mào)易程度，這為我國學(xué)習(xí)和引進(jìn)技術(shù)都提供了渠道，從而促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長；另一方面，我國要加強(qiáng)與相對不發(fā)達(dá)國家之間的貿(mào)易，這對促進(jìn)我國對勞動偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步的創(chuàng)新有重要的作用，勞動生產(chǎn)效率的提高為增加勞動報(bào)酬提供了前提，最終以達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與縮小收入差距的雙贏局面。
[Abstract]:As an important driving factor of economic growth, technological progress has become a hot topic in the field of economic research in recent years. From the neutral technological progress of Hicks research to a large amount of literature on technological progress bias. The research on the bias of technological progress in our country has gradually entered our field of vision, but according to the current results, the research on the bias of technological progress in our country is not deep. Some existing literatures have proved that China's technological progress is not neutral, but biased towards a certain factor of production. However, as an important cause of influencing the bias of technological progress, the problem of how foreign trade affects the bias of technological progress has not been paid enough attention to. Especially for our country, since the reform and development, China's foreign trade level has rapidly improved, and China has become the second largest trading country in the world after the United States. The development of foreign trade, to a certain extent, provides a way to imitate and learn technology innovation in China. Therefore, this article will proceed from the reality of our country, according to the previous experience, the technological progress bias will be endogenous, and the two factors of production will be assumed as capital and labor, contrasting the influence on the technological progress bias before and after the introduction of trade. Then we can find out how foreign trade with countries with different degrees of development will influence the technological progress of our country. The main ideas of this paper are as follows: first, to establish a theoretical model of non-trade, to introduce capital and labor as factors of production, and to analyze the factors that influence the bias of technological progress. And how the changes in these factors will affect the bias of technological progress. After the introduction of trade, it is worth noting how foreign trade with the relatively developed countries and the relatively underdeveloped countries will have an impact on the technological progress bias for their respective countries. We study the trade of factors of production, so we introduce an intermediary firm, and assume the cost of R & D, and analyze it by maximizing the profit of the intermediate firm. In the next empirical study, we select the data based on the existing literature to calculate the relative bias of technological progress in China. Then we calculate how the relative bias of China's technological progress changes when carrying out foreign trade with countries with different degrees of development. Finally, the regression of mathematical model and econometric statistics is used to analyze the correlation between the actual trade volume and the bias of technological progress. According to the above research, we draw a conclusion: compared with the absence of foreign trade, when China and the more developed countries carry on foreign trade, the technological progress of our country is more inclined to capital; When China and the less developed countries carry on foreign trade, the technological progress of our country is more inclined to labor. Therefore, we believe that, on the one hand, China needs to continuously raise the level of its foreign trade, which provides a channel for our country to learn and introduce technology, thereby promoting economic growth; on the other hand, China should strengthen its trade with the relatively underdeveloped countries, which plays an important role in promoting the innovation of labor-biased technological progress in China, and the improvement of labor production efficiency provides a prerequisite for increasing the remuneration for labor. Finally to achieve economic growth and narrow the income gap a win-win situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F224;F124.3;F752

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