本文選題：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu) + 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整��； 參考：《中共中央黨校》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整是目前我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界十分關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。然而，現(xiàn)有研究產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的文獻(xiàn)大多集中在變量關(guān)系或數(shù)據(jù)分析、對(duì)策研究領(lǐng)域，為數(shù)不多的對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整進(jìn)行學(xué)理分析的文獻(xiàn)多局限于新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)框架，缺乏從真實(shí)市場(chǎng)過(guò)程深入探討產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整機(jī)制的理論性文獻(xiàn)。本文擬彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)這方面的不足，跳出新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)機(jī)械的分析框架，以?shī)W地利學(xué)派知識(shí)分立、市場(chǎng)過(guò)程、企業(yè)家、動(dòng)態(tài)效率等理論為分析工具，以一個(gè)新的思路，從一個(gè)更貼近真實(shí)市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行的視角，對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整機(jī)制進(jìn)行深入的理論分析。 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整有兩種機(jī)制，一是政府主導(dǎo)機(jī)制，二是市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)機(jī)制。本文首先提出主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整應(yīng)具備的三個(gè)條件，從知識(shí)的性質(zhì)、政府的理性與自負(fù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動(dòng)的微觀法則、效果與效率之辨等角度對(duì)政府主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整效果不佳的原因作出解釋：一是政府不能事前預(yù)知最優(yōu)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)；二是政府官員不會(huì)比企業(yè)家更關(guān)注市場(chǎng)和尊重市場(chǎng)規(guī)律；三是行政手段之“效”是效果而非效率。由此作者指出，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整應(yīng)以市場(chǎng)為主導(dǎo)，充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制的作用。 其次，在構(gòu)建產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整過(guò)程數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整之機(jī)理。經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題由變化引起，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的根本問(wèn)題是知識(shí)問(wèn)題，這一問(wèn)題只有在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)過(guò)程中才能解決。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的意義在于它是一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)和利用知識(shí)的過(guò)程，價(jià)格機(jī)制在本質(zhì)上是一種使用知識(shí)的有效制度，知識(shí)問(wèn)題決定了非均衡狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的常態(tài)，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的每個(gè)缺口都會(huì)通過(guò)非均衡價(jià)格以純利潤(rùn)的方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，由此形成對(duì)企業(yè)家的“激勵(lì)”，促成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的企業(yè)家發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)程。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，隨著無(wú)知的逐漸驅(qū)散，市場(chǎng)的非均衡狀態(tài)得到糾正，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨于協(xié)調(diào)。這一過(guò)程是政府無(wú)法模擬和替代的。 再次，重新認(rèn)識(shí)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整過(guò)程中的“市場(chǎng)失靈”問(wèn)題，指出市場(chǎng)有效調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)絕不依賴于完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或一般均衡理論脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的假設(shè)條件。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情況下常常出現(xiàn)重復(fù)性生產(chǎn)的“浪費(fèi)”是市場(chǎng)協(xié)調(diào)必須的、不可避免的代價(jià)，政府主導(dǎo)不僅不能避免資源浪費(fèi)，而且會(huì)惡化知識(shí)問(wèn)題，造成更大損失。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整過(guò)程不存在“市場(chǎng)失靈”。所謂信息不完全和不對(duì)稱、外部性和壟斷問(wèn)題實(shí)際上是人們基于靜態(tài)觀點(diǎn)對(duì)真實(shí)市場(chǎng)過(guò)程的誤解，不能成為政府主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的理由。 然后，分析產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整背景下政府應(yīng)發(fā)揮的作用，力圖厘清政府和市場(chǎng)的邊界。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整本身是一個(gè)市場(chǎng)可以有效發(fā)揮作用的領(lǐng)域。作為一種自發(fā)秩序，市場(chǎng)機(jī)制具有天然的活力，但它有效運(yùn)行需要一定的制度前提，，這些制度應(yīng)由政府來(lái)保障。為維護(hù)和促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，政府應(yīng)致力于完善市場(chǎng)體系的制度建設(shè)，增進(jìn)市場(chǎng)機(jī)能，在以下三個(gè)領(lǐng)域更好地發(fā)揮作用：一是制度供給，二是公共物品，三是宏觀政策。 日本在二戰(zhàn)后成功調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的歷程經(jīng)常被一些學(xué)者引述為政府主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整或直接干預(yù)型產(chǎn)業(yè)政策有效的證據(jù)，作者在本文最后一章對(duì)此提出質(zhì)疑。通過(guò)重新考察和評(píng)價(jià)日本戰(zhàn)后各時(shí)期的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，指出日本成功的原因不是政府主導(dǎo)，而是市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)。產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的作用沒(méi)有人們想象中那么大。日本的案例不僅不能作為反駁作者觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)，事實(shí)上反而驗(yàn)證了作者的觀點(diǎn)。 總而言之，本文的核心觀點(diǎn)可概括為：政府不具備主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的條件，不宜成為調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的主體。市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整可以借助價(jià)格機(jī)制，激勵(lì)企業(yè)家精神，通過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有效地解決知識(shí)問(wèn)題這一根本經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)自我修正、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)趨于協(xié)調(diào)。這一過(guò)程不存在“市場(chǎng)失靈”。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新之處有以下五點(diǎn)：一是選題的創(chuàng)新。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整是一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，但目前缺乏對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整機(jī)制進(jìn)行深入理論分析的文獻(xiàn)，本文彌補(bǔ)了這方面的不足。二是研究視角的創(chuàng)新，采用一個(gè)不同于長(zhǎng)期流行的新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論框架對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整機(jī)制進(jìn)行學(xué)理性分析。三是試圖澄清人們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)形成的認(rèn)識(shí)誤區(qū)，運(yùn)用一系列理論工具對(duì)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制有效運(yùn)行的條件、市場(chǎng)的“盲目性”、“市場(chǎng)失靈”、日本的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策等作出新的解讀，提出了一些具有創(chuàng)新性的觀點(diǎn)。四是為我國(guó)反思產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型提供一個(gè)新的理論思路。五是以產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為載體，嘗試回答如何處理好政府和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系這一經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問(wèn)題，為我國(guó)全面深化改革提供新的理論支持。 本文的主要研究方法有：文獻(xiàn)研究法、理論分析法、動(dòng)態(tài)分析法、數(shù)理分析法以及案例分析法。
[Abstract]:The adjustment of industrial structure is a matter of great concern in the academic circles of China. However, most of the existing literature on the adjustment of industrial structure is concentrated in the variable relationship or data analysis. The few literature on the theoretical analysis of industrial structure adjustment is limited to the new classical economic framework, and the lack of the real market process. This paper makes an in-depth discussion on the theoretical literature of the adjustment mechanism of industrial structure. This paper is intended to make up for the shortcomings of the existing literature and jump out of the analytical framework of the neo classical economics machinery, and take the theory of knowledge separation of the Austria school, the market process, the entrepreneur, the dynamic efficiency as the analytical tool, and a new way of thinking, from a more close to the real market. From the perspective of industrial restructuring mechanism in-depth theoretical analysis.
There are two mechanisms for the adjustment of industrial structure, one is the government leading mechanism and the two is the market leading mechanism. This paper first puts forward three conditions for the adjustment of the leading industrial structure, from the nature of the knowledge, the rationality and the self conceit of the government, the microcosmic law of the change of the industrial structure, the effect and the efficiency of the adjustment of the government led industrial structure. Two is that government officials will not pay more attention to market and market rules than entrepreneurs; three, the "effect" of administrative means is effect but not efficiency. Therefore, the author points out that the adjustment of industrial structure should be dominated by market and make full use of the market mechanism. Use.
Secondly, on the basis of constructing the mathematical model of industrial structure adjustment process, the mechanism of market leading industry structure adjustment is deeply analyzed. The economic problem is caused by change. The fundamental problem of industrial structure adjustment is knowledge problem. This problem can only be solved in the competitive market process. The significance of competition is that it is a discovery and profit. In the process of knowledge, the price mechanism is an effective system of using knowledge in essence. The problem of knowledge determines the non equilibrium state is the normal state of the real economy. Every gap in the industrial structure will be expressed through the way of the non equilibrium price of YISHION, thus forming a "incentive" to the enterprise and contributing to the competitive entrepreneurs. In this process, with the gradual dispelling of ignorance, the unbalanced state of the market has been corrected and the industrial structure tends to be coordinated. This process is a process that the government can not simulate and replace.
Thirdly, the problem of "market failure" in the process of industrial structure adjustment is re recognized, and it is pointed out that the effective regulation of the industrial structure by the market is never dependent on the hypothesis of complete competition or the theory that the general equilibrium theory is divorced from the reality. There is no "market failure" in the process of adjustment of industrial structure. The so-called incomplete and asymmetric information, externalities and monopolies are actually misunderstandings of the real market process based on the static viewpoint, which can not be the leading industrial structure of the government. The whole reason.
Then, it analyzes the role that the government should play under the background of the adjustment of industrial structure, trying to clarify the boundary between the government and the market. The adjustment of the industrial structure itself is a field which can play an effective role in the market. As a spontaneous order, the market mechanism has a natural vitality, but its effective operation requires a certain institutional premise. These systems should be made up of The government guarantees. In order to maintain and promote the market regulation of the industrial structure, the government should strive to improve the system construction of the market system and enhance the market function. The government should play a better role in the following three fields: the first is the system supply, the two is the public goods, and the three is the macro policy.
The history of Japan's successful adjustment of industrial structure after World War II is often cited by some scholars as evidence of the government led industrial structure adjustment or the effective industrial policy of direct intervention. The author questioned it in the last chapter of this article. By re examining and evaluating the industrial policies of the various periods in Japan, the reasons for the success of Japan were pointed out. It is government led, but market dominated. The role of industrial policy is not as large as people think. The case of Japan is not only an argument that refutes the author's opinion, but in fact proves the author's opinion.
In a word, the core point of this article can be summarized as follows: the government does not have the conditions for the adjustment of the leading industrial structure and should not be the main body of the structure adjustment. The adjustment of the market leading industry structure can help the entrepreneurial spirit by means of the price mechanism, and effectively solve the fundamental economic problem of the knowledge problem through competition and promote the market to realize self repair. The industrial structure tends to be coordinated. There is no "market failure" in this process.
The possible innovations in this paper are the following five points: first, the innovation of topic selection. The adjustment of industrial structure is a hot issue, but there is a lack of literature on the theoretical analysis of the adjustment mechanism of industrial structure. This paper makes up the deficiency in this aspect. Two is the innovation of the research perspective, and uses a new classical economics, which is different from the long-term popular. The theoretical framework of the industrial structure adjustment mechanism is analyzed rationally. Three is to clarify the misunderstanding that people have been forming for a long time, using a series of theoretical tools for the effective operation of the market mechanism, the market "blindness", "market failure", the Japanese industrial policy and so on to make a new interpretation, and put forward some innovative ideas. The four is to reflect on the adjustment of industrial structure, the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, and the promotion of the economic transformation. Five, the core issue of how to deal with the relationship between the government and the market, with the adjustment of the industrial structure as the carrier, is the core of the reform of the economic system. For new theoretical support.
The main research methods in this paper are literature research, theoretical analysis, dynamic analysis, mathematical analysis and case analysis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F121.3;F124


本文編號(hào)：1852417