本文選題：產業(yè)結構 + 產業(yè)結構調整�。� 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2014年博士論文

【摘要】：產業(yè)結構調整是目前我國學術界十分關注的問題。然而，現有研究產業(yè)結構調整的文獻大多集中在變量關系或數據分析、對策研究領域，為數不多的對產業(yè)結構調整進行學理分析的文獻多局限于新古典經濟學框架，缺乏從真實市場過程深入探討產業(yè)結構調整機制的理論性文獻。本文擬彌補現有文獻這方面的不足，跳出新古典經濟學機械的分析框架，以奧地利學派知識分立、市場過程、企業(yè)家、動態(tài)效率等理論為分析工具，以一個新的思路，從一個更貼近真實市場運行的視角，對產業(yè)結構調整機制進行深入的理論分析。 產業(yè)結構調整有兩種機制，一是政府主導機制，二是市場主導機制。本文首先提出主導產業(yè)結構調整應具備的三個條件，從知識的性質、政府的理性與自負、產業(yè)結構變動的微觀法則、效果與效率之辨等角度對政府主導產業(yè)結構調整效果不佳的原因作出解釋：一是政府不能事前預知最優(yōu)產業(yè)結構；二是政府官員不會比企業(yè)家更關注市場和尊重市場規(guī)律；三是行政手段之“效”是效果而非效率。由此作者指出，產業(yè)結構調整應以市場為主導，充分發(fā)揮市場機制的作用。 其次，在構建產業(yè)結構調整過程數學模型的基礎上，深入分析市場主導產業(yè)結構調整之機理。經濟問題由變化引起，產業(yè)結構調整的根本問題是知識問題，這一問題只有在競爭的市場過程中才能解決。競爭的意義在于它是一個發(fā)現和利用知識的過程，價格機制在本質上是一種使用知識的有效制度，知識問題決定了非均衡狀態(tài)是現實經濟的常態(tài)，產業(yè)結構的每個缺口都會通過非均衡價格以純利潤的方式表現出來，由此形成對企業(yè)家的“激勵”，促成競爭性的企業(yè)家發(fā)現過程。在這個過程中，隨著無知的逐漸驅散，市場的非均衡狀態(tài)得到糾正，產業(yè)結構趨于協調。這一過程是政府無法模擬和替代的。 再次，重新認識產業(yè)結構調整過程中的“市場失靈”問題，指出市場有效調節(jié)產業(yè)結構絕不依賴于完全競爭或一般均衡理論脫離現實的假設條件。競爭情況下常常出現重復性生產的“浪費”是市場協調必須的、不可避免的代價，政府主導不僅不能避免資源浪費，而且會惡化知識問題，造成更大損失。產業(yè)結構調整過程不存在“市場失靈”。所謂信息不完全和不對稱、外部性和壟斷問題實際上是人們基于靜態(tài)觀點對真實市場過程的誤解，不能成為政府主導產業(yè)結構調整的理由。 然后，分析產業(yè)結構調整背景下政府應發(fā)揮的作用，力圖厘清政府和市場的邊界。產業(yè)結構調整本身是一個市場可以有效發(fā)揮作用的領域。作為一種自發(fā)秩序，市場機制具有天然的活力，但它有效運行需要一定的制度前提，，這些制度應由政府來保障。為維護和促進市場調節(jié)產業(yè)結構，政府應致力于完善市場體系的制度建設，增進市場機能，在以下三個領域更好地發(fā)揮作用：一是制度供給，二是公共物品，三是宏觀政策。 日本在二戰(zhàn)后成功調整產業(yè)結構的歷程經常被一些學者引述為政府主導產業(yè)結構調整或直接干預型產業(yè)政策有效的證據，作者在本文最后一章對此提出質疑。通過重新考察和評價日本戰(zhàn)后各時期的產業(yè)政策，指出日本成功的原因不是政府主導，而是市場主導。產業(yè)政策的作用沒有人們想象中那么大。日本的案例不僅不能作為反駁作者觀點的論據，事實上反而驗證了作者的觀點。 總而言之，本文的核心觀點可概括為：政府不具備主導產業(yè)結構調整的條件，不宜成為調結構的主體。市場主導產業(yè)結構調整可以借助價格機制，激勵企業(yè)家精神，通過競爭有效地解決知識問題這一根本經濟問題，促進市場實現自我修正、產業(yè)結構趨于協調。這一過程不存在“市場失靈”。 本文可能的創(chuàng)新之處有以下五點：一是選題的創(chuàng)新。產業(yè)結構調整是一個熱點問題，但目前缺乏對產業(yè)結構調整機制進行深入理論分析的文獻，本文彌補了這方面的不足。二是研究視角的創(chuàng)新，采用一個不同于長期流行的新古典經濟學的理論框架對產業(yè)結構調整機制進行學理性分析。三是試圖澄清人們長期以來形成的認識誤區(qū)，運用一系列理論工具對市場機制有效運行的條件、市場的“盲目性”、“市場失靈”、日本的產業(yè)政策等作出新的解讀，提出了一些具有創(chuàng)新性的觀點。四是為我國反思產業(yè)結構調整，推進經濟結構戰(zhàn)略性調整，促進經濟轉型提供一個新的理論思路。五是以產業(yè)結構調整為載體，嘗試回答如何處理好政府和市場的關系這一經濟體制改革的核心問題，為我國全面深化改革提供新的理論支持。 本文的主要研究方法有：文獻研究法、理論分析法、動態(tài)分析法、數理分析法以及案例分析法。
[Abstract]:The adjustment of industrial structure is a matter of great concern in the academic circles of China. However, most of the existing literature on the adjustment of industrial structure is concentrated in the variable relationship or data analysis. The few literature on the theoretical analysis of industrial structure adjustment is limited to the new classical economic framework, and the lack of the real market process. This paper makes an in-depth discussion on the theoretical literature of the adjustment mechanism of industrial structure. This paper is intended to make up for the shortcomings of the existing literature and jump out of the analytical framework of the neo classical economics machinery, and take the theory of knowledge separation of the Austria school, the market process, the entrepreneur, the dynamic efficiency as the analytical tool, and a new way of thinking, from a more close to the real market. From the perspective of industrial restructuring mechanism in-depth theoretical analysis.
There are two mechanisms for the adjustment of industrial structure, one is the government leading mechanism and the two is the market leading mechanism. This paper first puts forward three conditions for the adjustment of the leading industrial structure, from the nature of the knowledge, the rationality and the self conceit of the government, the microcosmic law of the change of the industrial structure, the effect and the efficiency of the adjustment of the government led industrial structure. Two is that government officials will not pay more attention to market and market rules than entrepreneurs; three, the "effect" of administrative means is effect but not efficiency. Therefore, the author points out that the adjustment of industrial structure should be dominated by market and make full use of the market mechanism. Use.
Secondly, on the basis of constructing the mathematical model of industrial structure adjustment process, the mechanism of market leading industry structure adjustment is deeply analyzed. The economic problem is caused by change. The fundamental problem of industrial structure adjustment is knowledge problem. This problem can only be solved in the competitive market process. The significance of competition is that it is a discovery and profit. In the process of knowledge, the price mechanism is an effective system of using knowledge in essence. The problem of knowledge determines the non equilibrium state is the normal state of the real economy. Every gap in the industrial structure will be expressed through the way of the non equilibrium price of YISHION, thus forming a "incentive" to the enterprise and contributing to the competitive entrepreneurs. In this process, with the gradual dispelling of ignorance, the unbalanced state of the market has been corrected and the industrial structure tends to be coordinated. This process is a process that the government can not simulate and replace.
Thirdly, the problem of "market failure" in the process of industrial structure adjustment is re recognized, and it is pointed out that the effective regulation of the industrial structure by the market is never dependent on the hypothesis of complete competition or the theory that the general equilibrium theory is divorced from the reality. There is no "market failure" in the process of adjustment of industrial structure. The so-called incomplete and asymmetric information, externalities and monopolies are actually misunderstandings of the real market process based on the static viewpoint, which can not be the leading industrial structure of the government. The whole reason.
Then, it analyzes the role that the government should play under the background of the adjustment of industrial structure, trying to clarify the boundary between the government and the market. The adjustment of the industrial structure itself is a field which can play an effective role in the market. As a spontaneous order, the market mechanism has a natural vitality, but its effective operation requires a certain institutional premise. These systems should be made up of The government guarantees. In order to maintain and promote the market regulation of the industrial structure, the government should strive to improve the system construction of the market system and enhance the market function. The government should play a better role in the following three fields: the first is the system supply, the two is the public goods, and the three is the macro policy.
The history of Japan's successful adjustment of industrial structure after World War II is often cited by some scholars as evidence of the government led industrial structure adjustment or the effective industrial policy of direct intervention. The author questioned it in the last chapter of this article. By re examining and evaluating the industrial policies of the various periods in Japan, the reasons for the success of Japan were pointed out. It is government led, but market dominated. The role of industrial policy is not as large as people think. The case of Japan is not only an argument that refutes the author's opinion, but in fact proves the author's opinion.
In a word, the core point of this article can be summarized as follows: the government does not have the conditions for the adjustment of the leading industrial structure and should not be the main body of the structure adjustment. The adjustment of the market leading industry structure can help the entrepreneurial spirit by means of the price mechanism, and effectively solve the fundamental economic problem of the knowledge problem through competition and promote the market to realize self repair. The industrial structure tends to be coordinated. There is no "market failure" in this process.
The possible innovations in this paper are the following five points: first, the innovation of topic selection. The adjustment of industrial structure is a hot issue, but there is a lack of literature on the theoretical analysis of the adjustment mechanism of industrial structure. This paper makes up the deficiency in this aspect. Two is the innovation of the research perspective, and uses a new classical economics, which is different from the long-term popular. The theoretical framework of the industrial structure adjustment mechanism is analyzed rationally. Three is to clarify the misunderstanding that people have been forming for a long time, using a series of theoretical tools for the effective operation of the market mechanism, the market "blindness", "market failure", the Japanese industrial policy and so on to make a new interpretation, and put forward some innovative ideas. The four is to reflect on the adjustment of industrial structure, the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, and the promotion of the economic transformation. Five, the core issue of how to deal with the relationship between the government and the market, with the adjustment of the industrial structure as the carrier, is the core of the reform of the economic system. For new theoretical support.
The main research methods in this paper are literature research, theoretical analysis, dynamic analysis, mathematical analysis and case analysis.

【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F121.3;F124


本文編號：1852417