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經(jīng)濟增長的制度要素分析

發(fā)布時間:2018-02-28 02:45

  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 經(jīng)濟增長 制度 技術(shù)進(jìn)步 資本投入 出處:《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:隨著中國經(jīng)濟改革的持續(xù)進(jìn)行和深化,“以改革促發(fā)展”的口號也被更多的提到。對經(jīng)濟增長的理解是一個逐漸深入的過程,特別是對于我國這樣一個具有特殊制度的轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟體而言。在對轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟進(jìn)行研究的過程中,經(jīng)濟學(xué)家提出了各種各樣的轉(zhuǎn)型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即改革的方向及目標(biāo)。然而,效果卻迥異,有的經(jīng)濟體獲得經(jīng)濟成功,有些則陷入長期的停滯。改革的途徑大體上是改革和完善制度,建立良好的制度體系。雖然正式制度在中國逐步建立和完善,但是傳承下來的思維方式和行事傳統(tǒng)卻在很大程度上阻礙經(jīng)濟的增長,沿海地區(qū)經(jīng)濟優(yōu)于內(nèi)陸的原因之一就是“遵守諾言”的態(tài)度和方式,規(guī)則在其中所起的作用就是維系社會中所形成的“非編碼”的知識及“人與人之間的合同”。 經(jīng)濟增長本身是包含制度優(yōu)化的,制度與經(jīng)濟增長之間的因果關(guān)系并不明確,然而可以肯定的是某些國家的起飛歸結(jié)于當(dāng)時偶然因素造成的制度優(yōu)勢,進(jìn)而引發(fā)了經(jīng)濟的增長,接下來的過程便是經(jīng)濟增長各要素之間的互相作用,經(jīng)濟增長又進(jìn)一步強化了其制度優(yōu)勢,相對于其他國家更加具有優(yōu)勢。對于二者之間的因果關(guān)系,以現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)濟情況作為研究對象并不能很好的區(qū)分。當(dāng)前國際上,對于制度的理解有一種趨同的態(tài)勢,即市場化和私有化。然而在分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),對于各個層面來講,我們不能一味的追求市場化進(jìn)程,國有企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟中所起到的作用仍然不容小覷,只要對其進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)闹贫雀母锖桶才,國有企業(yè)的壟斷就可以促進(jìn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。芬蘭的成功與其他獨聯(lián)體國家的失敗,可以很好的說明國有企業(yè)的私有化是一個長期的循序漸進(jìn)的過程,不可一蹴而就。 在對制度與經(jīng)濟績效之間關(guān)系的分析中,毋須特別在意其對經(jīng)濟增長的解釋效果。因為不管從哪方面來度量,只是抓住了制度的一角,所做的就是從整體上理解制度的完善確實對經(jīng)濟有積極的影響,特別是在減少尋租行為發(fā)生,讓更多的投資進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)活動等方面,完善的制度起到立竿見影的效果。 本文對制度與經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了理論分析和實證分析。文章以現(xiàn)有理論為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合國內(nèi)外對于制度影響經(jīng)濟增長的研究成果,從時間尺度上制度與經(jīng)濟增長關(guān)系的經(jīng)驗出發(fā),聯(lián)系制度對于中國各省區(qū)以及35個中心城市經(jīng)濟差異的分析,分析制度與經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)系。文章通過建立數(shù)理模型,進(jìn)行回歸分析,得出結(jié)果并進(jìn)行解釋,為實證分析提供基礎(chǔ)。本文搜集了中國層面上1984年至2010年的時間序列數(shù)據(jù),2010年中國除西藏之外的30個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市以及2010年中國35個中心城市的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),建立時間序列模型或截面數(shù)據(jù)模型,對理論進(jìn)行實證檢驗。 在文章的分析中,制度與技術(shù)進(jìn)步、資本投入等方面有很大的關(guān)系,并且經(jīng)驗研究表明制度對于促進(jìn)二者的發(fā)展有積極的正向作用,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟的增長。從小的方面來講,用政府的腐敗程度衡量制度質(zhì)量之時,其通過TFP作用于經(jīng)濟增長。在其與尋租活動的分析中,制度的完善可以降低尋租活動的邊際報酬,進(jìn)而減輕市場主體參與尋租活動的程度,讓更多的資源流向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟的生產(chǎn)活動中來。結(jié)合對于其他指標(biāo)與經(jīng)濟增長之間關(guān)系的分析,這些變量之間存在莫衷一是的因果關(guān)系。如上所述,在歷史偶然和路徑依賴的強化下,優(yōu)勢得到強化,處于劣勢地位的經(jīng)濟體要想追趕上,則需要學(xué)習(xí)其先進(jìn)的制度體系,而不單純地引進(jìn)技術(shù)和管理技能。 對于制度與經(jīng)濟增長分析,引入了一個分析的步驟和模型,目的在于辨別首要的影響因素,抓住重點問題進(jìn)行解決。中國改革之際所遇到問題,在國家采取的異于華盛頓共識的政策中得到解決,之后的路怎么進(jìn)行,,更需要因地制宜。經(jīng)濟中的問題都是環(huán)環(huán)緊扣的,牽一發(fā)而動全身,所以需要政府這只看得見的手發(fā)揮作用,以斧正無形之手所引發(fā)的市場失靈、外部效應(yīng)、道德風(fēng)險等問題。由此,政府的政策也即正式的制度,在發(fā)揮作用之際又多了一個渠道。 制度是至關(guān)重要的,雖然在對中國、省區(qū)、城市各個層面的實證分析之中,技術(shù)進(jìn)步和資本投入對于經(jīng)濟差異的解釋程度更大,然而結(jié)合前文則可以得出這樣一個結(jié)論:制度作為基礎(chǔ)的要素,主要是通過技術(shù)進(jìn)步和資本投入以及其他的中間要素來促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟增長的,制度對于經(jīng)濟增長有著重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and deepening of China ' s economic reform , the slogan of " reform and development " has also been mentioned more . The understanding of economic growth is a gradual process , especially for a transitional economy with special system . In the process of research on the transition economy , the economists put forward a variety of transformation standards , namely the direction and goal of reform . However , the way to reform is to reform and perfect the system , and to establish a good system system . Although the formal system is gradually established and perfected in China , one of the reasons for the reform is to abide by the attitude and the way of the inland . The role played by the rule is the knowledge of " non - coding " and the contract between man and man . Economic growth itself is a system - optimized , and the causal relationship between system and economic growth is not clear . However , it is certain that the taking - off of some countries is attributed to the system advantages caused by accident factors at that time , which leads to economic growth . However , in the analysis , we can not only pursue the market - oriented process , but also the monopoly of state - owned enterprises can promote the progress of technology . In the analysis of the relationship between system and economic performance , there is no need to pay special attention to its explanation effect on economic growth . Because of which measures , it is only grasped the angle of the system , and it has positive influence on the economy , especially in reducing rent - seeking behavior , and making more investment enter production activities . In this paper , the relationship between system and economic growth is analyzed theoretically and empirically . Based on the existing theory , the paper analyzes the relationship between the system and the economic growth in China at home and abroad , and analyses the relationship between the system and economic growth from the time scale system to the economic growth . The paper has collected the data of time series from 1984 to 2010 in China , and established the time series model or section data model in China from 30 provinces , autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and 35 central cities in 2010 . In the analysis of the article , the system and technology progress , capital investment and so on have a great relationship , and the empirical research shows that the system plays a positive role in promoting the development of both , and then promotes the growth of the economy . In the analysis of system and economic growth , an analysis step and model is introduced in order to identify the primary influencing factors and solve the problem . The problems encountered in China ' s reform are solved in the policy of the Washington consensus . The problems in the economy need to be solved . The problem in the economy is the market failure , the external effect and the moral hazard caused by the invisible hand . The system is very important , although in the empirical analysis of the various aspects of China , the province and the city , the technological progress and the capital investment are more explained to the economic difference , but the combination of the foregoing can conclude that the system is the basic element , mainly through technological progress and capital investment and other intermediate elements to promote the economic growth , and the system plays an important role in economic growth .

【學(xué)位授予單位】:河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:F124.1

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