本文關鍵詞： 企業(yè)家 企業(yè)家精神 經濟增長方式轉變　出處：《浙江工商大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國經濟建設取得了巨大的成就。但是,質疑中國經濟增長的聲音從未減弱,特別是近兩三年來經濟增長速度的顯著下降也引起了人們的普遍關注。其實,經濟增長問題背后的實質是經濟增長方式的問題,即我們不應當只關注經濟增長量的提高,也應當關注經濟增長質的轉變。關于中國經濟增長方式轉變的問題,長期以來受到學術界的關注,但仍未達成一致的判斷,本文認為在市場經濟的條件下,經濟增長方式的轉變需要發(fā)揮企業(yè)家精神的作用。企業(yè)家精神涉及到個人、組織、社會等方面,本文只討論企業(yè)家精神的個人層面。本文圍繞以下問題進行探討:企業(yè)家精神作為一個主觀的因素,如何影響經濟增長方式的轉變?中國應如何通過進一步發(fā)展企業(yè)家精神以促進經濟增長方式的轉變?本文在充分回顧相關文獻的基礎上,提煉出企業(yè)家精神對經濟增長方式轉變的作用機理:首先,企業(yè)家精神通過發(fā)揮主觀判斷能力,利用其局部信息來判斷市場中存在的利潤機會,對資本、勞動力和技術進行優(yōu)化配置,并在資源配置中發(fā)現(xiàn)要素的真實價格;其次,企業(yè)家精神資本能夠引導技術的研發(fā)和利用,不斷加強技術在市場經濟中的作用;再次,企業(yè)家活動使得市場競爭不斷加劇和市場范圍持續(xù)擴展,激烈的競爭直接促進技術的進步,市場范圍的擴大提高了生產效率;最后,企業(yè)家精神的創(chuàng)新能力是潛在市場經濟制度的提供者,為經濟增長方式轉變提供了制度保障。本文以每萬人就業(yè)人口的私營企業(yè)戶數(shù)作為企業(yè)家精神的衡量指標,對我國東、中、西部企業(yè)家精神和經濟增長方式的現(xiàn)狀做了分析。對于企業(yè)家精神豐度的地區(qū)差異,以浙江省和山西省為例,從觀念、地理和政府行為等因素進行了對比探究;以全要素生產率在經濟增長率中的貢獻作為經濟增長方式轉變的代理指標,發(fā)現(xiàn)其經歷了微微上升到不斷下降的過程,對全要素生產率的DEA—Malmquist指數(shù)進行效率分解發(fā)現(xiàn),其變動率處在不斷下降的狀態(tài),因此中國經濟增長的方式急需轉變。在實證方面,本文以1992—2014年省級面板數(shù)據研究了企業(yè)家精神對全要素生產率及其在經濟增長中的貢獻影響,實證結果顯示:無論是全國樣本還是分地區(qū)樣本的回歸結果都表明企業(yè)家精神對經濟增長方式轉變有顯著的正向影響,但企業(yè)家精神對人力資本和技術的配置效率還需進一步提升。針對理論分析和實證檢驗的結果,本文可以得出以下結論:企業(yè)家精神是促進經濟增長方式轉變的源泉,中國需回到以企業(yè)家精神為主導的經濟增長方式上。提出的政策建議如下:政府應當創(chuàng)造企業(yè)家進行生產性活動的良好環(huán)境;增強輿論導向,改變內陸地區(qū)對企業(yè)家的觀念;積極進行國企改革,重塑國有企業(yè)的企業(yè)家精神,使之真正成為市場的主體。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements. However, the voice of questioning China's economic growth has never weakened. Especially in the past two or three years, the remarkable decline of the economic growth rate has also aroused widespread concern. In fact, the essence of the economic growth problem is the problem of the mode of economic growth. That is, we should not only pay attention to the increase of economic growth, but also pay attention to the qualitative change of economic growth. However, there is still no consensus judgment. This paper holds that under the condition of market economy, the change of the mode of economic growth needs to play the role of entrepreneurship, which involves individuals, organizations, society and so on. This paper focuses on the following issues: how does entrepreneurship, as a subjective factor, affect the transformation of economic growth? How can China promote the transformation of economic growth mode by further developing entrepreneurship? Based on a full review of relevant literature, this paper abstracts the mechanism of entrepreneurship on the transformation of economic growth: firstly, entrepreneurship exerts its subjective judgment ability. The local information is used to judge the profit opportunities in the market, to optimize the allocation of capital, labor and technology, and to find out the true price of the elements in the allocation of resources. Secondly, entrepreneurial spirit capital can guide the development and utilization of technology, and strengthen the role of technology in market economy. Thirdly, the entrepreneur activities make the market competition intensify and the market scope continue to expand, the fierce competition directly promotes the progress of technology, and the expansion of the market scope improves the production efficiency. Finally, the innovative ability of entrepreneurship is the provider of the potential market economy system. This paper takes the number of private enterprises per 10,000 people employed population as a measure of entrepreneurship, to China's east, middle. The paper analyzes the present situation of enterpriser spirit and economic growth mode in western China. Taking Zhejiang Province and Shanxi Province as examples, the paper makes a comparative study on the regional differences of enterpriser spirit abundance from such factors as concept, geography and government behavior. Taking the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) in the economic growth rate as the proxy indicator for the transformation of economic growth mode, it is found that TFP has experienced a process of slight rise to continuous decline. The efficiency decomposition of the total factor productivity (TFP) DEA-Malmquist index shows that the rate of change is in a state of constant decline, so the mode of economic growth in China needs to be changed urgently. This paper studies the impact of entrepreneurship on total factor productivity and its contribution to economic growth using provincial panel data from 1992 to 2014. The empirical results show that both the national sample and the regional sample regression results show that entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on the transformation of economic growth mode. However, the allocation efficiency of entrepreneurship to human capital and technology still needs to be further improved. This paper can draw the following conclusion: entrepreneurship is the source of promoting the transformation of economic growth mode. China needs to return to the enterprise-led mode of economic growth. The policy recommendations are as follows: the government should create a good environment for entrepreneurs to engage in productive activities; Strengthen the guidance of public opinion and change the concept of entrepreneurs in inland areas; We should actively reform state-owned enterprises, reshape the entrepreneurial spirit of state-owned enterprises and make them the main body of the market.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F124.1;F272.91;F279.2

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