本文關(guān)鍵詞： 企業(yè)家 企業(yè)家精神 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變　出處：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)取得了巨大的成就。但是,質(zhì)疑中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的聲音從未減弱,特別是近兩三年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度的顯著下降也引起了人們的普遍關(guān)注。其實(shí),經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題背后的實(shí)質(zhì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的問(wèn)題,即我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)只關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)量的提高,也應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)變。關(guān)于中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的問(wèn)題,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)受到學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注,但仍未達(dá)成一致的判斷,本文認(rèn)為在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變需要發(fā)揮企業(yè)家精神的作用。企業(yè)家精神涉及到個(gè)人、組織、社會(huì)等方面,本文只討論企業(yè)家精神的個(gè)人層面。本文圍繞以下問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討:企業(yè)家精神作為一個(gè)主觀的因素,如何影響經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變?中國(guó)應(yīng)如何通過(guò)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展企業(yè)家精神以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變?本文在充分回顧相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提煉出企業(yè)家精神對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的作用機(jī)理:首先,企業(yè)家精神通過(guò)發(fā)揮主觀判斷能力,利用其局部信息來(lái)判斷市場(chǎng)中存在的利潤(rùn)機(jī)會(huì),對(duì)資本、勞動(dòng)力和技術(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化配置,并在資源配置中發(fā)現(xiàn)要素的真實(shí)價(jià)格;其次,企業(yè)家精神資本能夠引導(dǎo)技術(shù)的研發(fā)和利用,不斷加強(qiáng)技術(shù)在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用;再次,企業(yè)家活動(dòng)使得市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不斷加劇和市場(chǎng)范圍持續(xù)擴(kuò)展,激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)直接促進(jìn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,市場(chǎng)范圍的擴(kuò)大提高了生產(chǎn)效率;最后,企業(yè)家精神的創(chuàng)新能力是潛在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的提供者,為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變提供了制度保障。本文以每萬(wàn)人就業(yè)人口的私營(yíng)企業(yè)戶數(shù)作為企業(yè)家精神的衡量指標(biāo),對(duì)我國(guó)東、中、西部企業(yè)家精神和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的現(xiàn)狀做了分析。對(duì)于企業(yè)家精神豐度的地區(qū)差異,以浙江省和山西省為例,從觀念、地理和政府行為等因素進(jìn)行了對(duì)比探究;以全要素生產(chǎn)率在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率中的貢獻(xiàn)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的代理指標(biāo),發(fā)現(xiàn)其經(jīng)歷了微微上升到不斷下降的過(guò)程,對(duì)全要素生產(chǎn)率的DEA—Malmquist指數(shù)進(jìn)行效率分解發(fā)現(xiàn),其變動(dòng)率處在不斷下降的狀態(tài),因此中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的方式急需轉(zhuǎn)變。在實(shí)證方面,本文以1992—2014年省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)研究了企業(yè)家精神對(duì)全要素生產(chǎn)率及其在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中的貢獻(xiàn)影響,實(shí)證結(jié)果顯示:無(wú)論是全國(guó)樣本還是分地區(qū)樣本的回歸結(jié)果都表明企業(yè)家精神對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變有顯著的正向影響,但企業(yè)家精神對(duì)人力資本和技術(shù)的配置效率還需進(jìn)一步提升。針對(duì)理論分析和實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)的結(jié)果,本文可以得出以下結(jié)論:企業(yè)家精神是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的源泉,中國(guó)需回到以企業(yè)家精神為主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式上。提出的政策建議如下:政府應(yīng)當(dāng)創(chuàng)造企業(yè)家進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)性活動(dòng)的良好環(huán)境;增強(qiáng)輿論導(dǎo)向,改變內(nèi)陸地區(qū)對(duì)企業(yè)家的觀念;積極進(jìn)行國(guó)企改革,重塑?chē)?guó)有企業(yè)的企業(yè)家精神,使之真正成為市場(chǎng)的主體。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements. However, the voice of questioning China's economic growth has never weakened. Especially in the past two or three years, the remarkable decline of the economic growth rate has also aroused widespread concern. In fact, the essence of the economic growth problem is the problem of the mode of economic growth. That is, we should not only pay attention to the increase of economic growth, but also pay attention to the qualitative change of economic growth. However, there is still no consensus judgment. This paper holds that under the condition of market economy, the change of the mode of economic growth needs to play the role of entrepreneurship, which involves individuals, organizations, society and so on. This paper focuses on the following issues: how does entrepreneurship, as a subjective factor, affect the transformation of economic growth? How can China promote the transformation of economic growth mode by further developing entrepreneurship? Based on a full review of relevant literature, this paper abstracts the mechanism of entrepreneurship on the transformation of economic growth: firstly, entrepreneurship exerts its subjective judgment ability. The local information is used to judge the profit opportunities in the market, to optimize the allocation of capital, labor and technology, and to find out the true price of the elements in the allocation of resources. Secondly, entrepreneurial spirit capital can guide the development and utilization of technology, and strengthen the role of technology in market economy. Thirdly, the entrepreneur activities make the market competition intensify and the market scope continue to expand, the fierce competition directly promotes the progress of technology, and the expansion of the market scope improves the production efficiency. Finally, the innovative ability of entrepreneurship is the provider of the potential market economy system. This paper takes the number of private enterprises per 10,000 people employed population as a measure of entrepreneurship, to China's east, middle. The paper analyzes the present situation of enterpriser spirit and economic growth mode in western China. Taking Zhejiang Province and Shanxi Province as examples, the paper makes a comparative study on the regional differences of enterpriser spirit abundance from such factors as concept, geography and government behavior. Taking the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) in the economic growth rate as the proxy indicator for the transformation of economic growth mode, it is found that TFP has experienced a process of slight rise to continuous decline. The efficiency decomposition of the total factor productivity (TFP) DEA-Malmquist index shows that the rate of change is in a state of constant decline, so the mode of economic growth in China needs to be changed urgently. This paper studies the impact of entrepreneurship on total factor productivity and its contribution to economic growth using provincial panel data from 1992 to 2014. The empirical results show that both the national sample and the regional sample regression results show that entrepreneurship has a significant positive impact on the transformation of economic growth mode. However, the allocation efficiency of entrepreneurship to human capital and technology still needs to be further improved. This paper can draw the following conclusion: entrepreneurship is the source of promoting the transformation of economic growth mode. China needs to return to the enterprise-led mode of economic growth. The policy recommendations are as follows: the government should create a good environment for entrepreneurs to engage in productive activities; Strengthen the guidance of public opinion and change the concept of entrepreneurs in inland areas; We should actively reform state-owned enterprises, reshape the entrepreneurial spirit of state-owned enterprises and make them the main body of the market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124.1;F272.91;F279.2

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