本文選題：農(nóng)民工 + 民工荒��； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：2004年春節(jié)過(guò)后,我國(guó)東部沿海發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)爆發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的“民工荒”現(xiàn)象,其后,“民工荒”現(xiàn)象非但沒有消失,反而愈演愈烈。尤其是2010年經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步復(fù)蘇之后,“民工荒”再一次出現(xiàn)并迅速蔓延,襲卷全國(guó)�，F(xiàn)今,“民工荒”絲毫沒有退去的趨勢(shì),并成為阻礙中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)難題。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被視為勞動(dòng)力無(wú)限供給的國(guó)家,“民工荒”在我國(guó)的出現(xiàn)似乎是一件不可能的事情。因此“民工荒”問(wèn)題引起了國(guó)內(nèi)的廣泛關(guān)注,更成為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。從我國(guó)“民工荒”的發(fā)展情況來(lái)看,自2004年首輪“民工荒”爆發(fā)至今,我國(guó)的“民工荒”現(xiàn)象發(fā)生了重大變化,包括“民工荒”的總量規(guī)模、行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、主體結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)間分布等方面的特征都發(fā)生了較大的改變。本文結(jié)合勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)理論,在分析我國(guó)“民工荒”變化的基礎(chǔ)上,主要分析了“民工荒”變化的影響因素。我們認(rèn)為,包括農(nóng)民工主體的結(jié)構(gòu)分化、農(nóng)民工群體內(nèi)部的階層分化、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距與工資差距不斷減少、產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移與產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不協(xié)調(diào)、房?jī)r(jià)和房租持續(xù)走高、惠農(nóng)政策效應(yīng)凸顯等在內(nèi)的諸多因素是導(dǎo)致“民工荒”變化的主要原因。而且,在現(xiàn)有勞動(dòng)力供求變化趨勢(shì)下,“民工荒”在程度和范圍都有不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì),“民工荒”日趨常態(tài)化。盡管“民工荒”具有不利的影響,但從國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的宏觀趨勢(shì)來(lái)看,“民工荒”的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)恰巧為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的深化轉(zhuǎn)型提供了機(jī)遇。其一,“民工荒”的持續(xù)改變了要素的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)配置模式,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的均衡配置,也有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展;其二,“民工荒”的持續(xù)推動(dòng)了農(nóng)民工工資的上漲,進(jìn)而有利于推動(dòng)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的改革;其三,“民工荒”倒逼推動(dòng)了我國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,推動(dòng)了中西部地區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè),也減少了大城市人口過(guò)度集中的壓力。因此,應(yīng)采取積極合理的措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)“民工荒”,推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展,包括:繼續(xù)強(qiáng)化制度創(chuàng)新、提高農(nóng)民工工資和福利待遇水平、加快產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移、改變企業(yè)的用工模式和理念、全面提升農(nóng)民工的人力資本、建立差異化的農(nóng)民工回流和暢流機(jī)制、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展等等。
[Abstract]:After the Spring Festival in 2004, the phenomenon of "shortage of workers" broke out in the developed coastal areas of eastern China. After that, the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" not only did not disappear, but became more and more serious. Especially after the gradual economic recovery in 2010, the "shortage of migrant workers" appeared again and spread rapidly across the country. At present, the shortage of migrant workers has no tendency to retreat, and has become a problem hindering China's economic growth. For a country that has long been regarded as an unlimited supply of labor, the emergence of the "shortage of migrant workers" in China seems to be an impossible thing. Therefore, the problem of "shortage of migrant workers" has aroused widespread concern in China, and has become a hot spot in the field of economics. Judging from the development of the "shortage of migrant workers" in China, since the first round of "shortage of migrant workers" broke out in 2004, the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" in China has undergone major changes, including the total scale of the "shortage of migrant workers", the structure of the industry, and the structure of the main body. The characteristics of time distribution have changed greatly. Based on the theory of labor flow, this paper analyzes the influence factors of the change of "shortage of migrant workers" on the basis of analyzing the change of "shortage of migrant workers" in China. We believe that, including the structural differentiation of the main body of migrant workers, the stratum differentiation within the migrant workers group, the decreasing gap between regional economic development and wages, the industrial transfer and industrial upgrading, the disharmony between the industrial structure and the employment structure, Many factors, such as rising house price and rent and prominent effect of agricultural policy, are the main reasons for the change of "labor shortage". Moreover, under the changing trend of labor supply and demand, the "shortage of migrant workers" has a tendency of expanding in degree and scope, and "shortage of migrant workers" is becoming more and more common. Although the shortage of migrant workers has adverse influence, from the macro trend of the national economic and social development, the development trend of the "shortage of migrant workers" provides an opportunity for the deepening transformation of our country's economy. First, the "shortage of migrant workers" has continuously changed the industrial structure of the elements and the pattern of regional structural allocation, which is conducive to the balanced allocation of industrial structure and employment structure in China, and also to the coordinated development of regional economy. The "shortage of migrant workers" has pushed up the wages of migrant workers, which is conducive to the reform of the mode of production of enterprises. Third, the "shortage of migrant workers" has pushed forward the industrial transfer of our country and promoted the urbanization construction in the central and western regions. It also reduces the pressure of overpopulation concentration in big cities. Therefore, we should take positive and reasonable measures to deal with the "shortage of migrant workers" and promote the economic transformation and development, including: continue to strengthen institutional innovation, raise the level of wages and welfare of migrant workers, accelerate industrial upgrading and structural transfer, We should change the employment mode and concept of enterprises, improve the human capital of migrant workers in an all-round way, set up a differentiated mechanism for migrant workers to return and flow freely, coordinate the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6
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本文編號(hào)：1858507