本文選題：區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚 + 區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前中國正式進(jìn)入了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新常態(tài)階段,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度已從高速增長轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹懈咚僭鲩L,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長動(dòng)力逐步從投資驅(qū)動(dòng)、要素驅(qū)動(dòng)向創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變,區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在推動(dòng)各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長過程中的作用愈發(fā)重要。現(xiàn)實(shí)中企業(yè)在區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中處于主體地位并發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用,而受市場力量、地理位置及資源稟賦等諸多因素影響,隸屬于不同產(chǎn)業(yè)的企業(yè)在全國各地區(qū)均存在著不同程度的集聚現(xiàn)象,區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚成為推動(dòng)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的實(shí)際載體。通過對(duì)我國區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長水平的空間地理分布進(jìn)行考察發(fā)現(xiàn),二者發(fā)展程度都較高的地區(qū)存在著較高程度的地理重疊。事實(shí)上,對(duì)我國區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的空間地理分布進(jìn)行觀察會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新之間在地域分布上同樣存在高度的正相關(guān)性。上述經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自然而然地引發(fā)以下思考:區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是否具有顯著的促進(jìn)作用?哪些行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚有利于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長?哪種產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的外部性更有利于地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長?相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚在推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的過程中會(huì)受到哪些因素影響?區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對(duì)區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是否也具有顯著的促進(jìn)作用?哪些行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚有利于區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新?哪種產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的外部性更有利于區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新?在區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚影響地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的過程中,區(qū)域技術(shù)創(chuàng)新又扮演了什么角色?本文在對(duì)國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理和評(píng)述的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長相關(guān)理論,將城市間空間聯(lián)系引入到新經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)模型,重新推導(dǎo)了產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚影響區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的理論模型,通過構(gòu)建2006-2014年我國279個(gè)地級(jí)市的面板數(shù)據(jù),綜合運(yùn)用多種面板數(shù)據(jù)模型估計(jì)方法,嘗試對(duì)這一系列重要問題作出系統(tǒng)而準(zhǔn)確的回答。本文從理論模型、計(jì)量模型、研究視角、變量選取和研究數(shù)據(jù)等諸多方面對(duì)已有研究進(jìn)行了拓展,通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)研究最終得出以下重要結(jié)論:首先,從行業(yè)視角來看,當(dāng)前我國制造業(yè)集聚并未出現(xiàn)所謂的擁擠效應(yīng),制造業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)出顯著的集聚效應(yīng)。在超過50%的樣本地區(qū),制造業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長表現(xiàn)出減速遞增的正向影響。服務(wù)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長同樣呈現(xiàn)出顯著的集聚效應(yīng),且在所有的樣本地區(qū),服務(wù)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長都表現(xiàn)出減速遞增的正向影響。服務(wù)業(yè)細(xì)分行業(yè)中,在所有樣本地區(qū),生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長均表現(xiàn)出減速遞增的正向影響;在幾乎全部樣本地區(qū),公共性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)出減速遞增的正向影響;然而,僅在17%的樣本地區(qū),消費(fèi)性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)出加速遞減的正向影響。具體到產(chǎn)業(yè)間共同集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響方面,除制造業(yè)與消費(fèi)性服務(wù)業(yè)共同集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長表現(xiàn)出單調(diào)的正向影響之外,在所有樣本地區(qū),制造業(yè)與整體服務(wù)業(yè)、生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)、公共性服務(wù)業(yè)共同集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長均表現(xiàn)出加速遞減的正向影響。最后,只有制造業(yè)集聚、整體服務(wù)業(yè)集聚和生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長影響滿足“威廉姆森假說”,“開放性假說”在我國并不成立。其次,從產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的靜態(tài)外部性視角來看,產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長存在著穩(wěn)健的負(fù)向影響,產(chǎn)業(yè)間集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長則具有顯著的“倒U”型影響,在85%的樣本地區(qū)中,產(chǎn)業(yè)間集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長表現(xiàn)出加速遞減的正向影響。從產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的動(dòng)態(tài)外部性視角來看,在競爭性市場結(jié)構(gòu)下,Porter外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長具有顯著的負(fù)向影響,Jacobs外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長則具有顯著的正向影響;在壟斷性市場結(jié)構(gòu)下,MAR外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)出顯著的“U”型影響,在83%的樣本地區(qū)中,MAR外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長呈現(xiàn)出加速遞減的負(fù)向影響。此外,產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚動(dòng)態(tài)外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響還受地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段調(diào)節(jié):經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展初期,Porter外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長起到了顯著的促進(jìn)作用;隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,Porter外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響由正變負(fù),此時(shí)Jacobs外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的正向影響效應(yīng)開始顯現(xiàn);當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到較高階段時(shí),MAR外部性對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響則會(huì)由負(fù)變正。再次,基于行業(yè)視角研究發(fā)現(xiàn),制造業(yè)集聚和服務(wù)業(yè)及其細(xì)分行業(yè)集聚均對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)出較為顯著的非線性影響,絕大多數(shù)樣本中制造業(yè)集聚和服務(wù)業(yè)及其細(xì)分行業(yè)集聚均對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)出顯著的正向影響。除了制造業(yè)與消費(fèi)性服務(wù)業(yè)共同集聚對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的影響并不顯著之外,制造業(yè)與整體服務(wù)業(yè)、生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)、公共性服務(wù)業(yè)之間的共同集聚對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新分別呈現(xiàn)出單調(diào)、加速遞減、減速遞增的正向影響。基于產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的靜態(tài)外部性視角研究發(fā)現(xiàn),產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新具有顯著的“倒U”型影響,在92%的樣本地區(qū)中,產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新呈現(xiàn)出加速遞減的促進(jìn)作用;產(chǎn)業(yè)間集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新具有顯著的“U”型影響,僅在30%的樣本地區(qū)中,產(chǎn)業(yè)間集聚外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開始呈現(xiàn)出減速遞增的促進(jìn)作用;基于產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的動(dòng)態(tài)外部性視角研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MAR外部性和Porter外部性均對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新表現(xiàn)出顯著的“倒U”型影響,在81%的樣本地區(qū)中,MAR外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新呈現(xiàn)出加速遞減的促進(jìn)效應(yīng),而在所有樣本地區(qū)中,Porter外部性均對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新呈現(xiàn)出加速遞減的促進(jìn)效應(yīng);Jacobs外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新則表現(xiàn)出顯著的“U”型影響,然而僅在25%的樣本地區(qū)中,Jacobs外部性對(duì)地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新開始呈現(xiàn)出減速遞增的正向影響效應(yīng)。最后,基于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長影響的調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)模型研究發(fā)現(xiàn),除消費(fèi)性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚計(jì)量模型之外,在其它計(jì)量模型中,地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長均呈現(xiàn)出顯著的促進(jìn)作用。采用MacKinnon et al.(2002)建議使用的具有更高統(tǒng)計(jì)功效的中介效應(yīng)檢驗(yàn)方法檢驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在服務(wù)業(yè)集聚、生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚、制造業(yè)與服務(wù)業(yè)共同集聚、制造業(yè)與生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)共同集聚等影響地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的過程中發(fā)揮了完全中介效應(yīng)作用;地區(qū)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在制造業(yè)集聚、公共性服務(wù)業(yè)集聚、制造業(yè)與公共性服務(wù)業(yè)共同集聚等影響地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的過程中則發(fā)揮了部分中介效應(yīng)作用。本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面:第一,研究視角創(chuàng)新。本文系統(tǒng)研究了制造業(yè)與服務(wù)業(yè)及細(xì)分服務(wù)業(yè)之間集聚與共同集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響;并從集聚的靜態(tài)外部性和動(dòng)態(tài)外部性方面進(jìn)一步加以論證。采用類似處理方式,實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對(duì)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長影響中的中介傳導(dǎo)作用。第二,模型構(gòu)建、變量選取及數(shù)據(jù)來源創(chuàng)新。理論模型推導(dǎo)中考慮了城市間的聯(lián)系,計(jì)量模型中引入了核心解釋變量及控制變量的二次項(xiàng),緩解了由于遺漏變量、模型設(shè)定誤差及雙向因果關(guān)系造成的估計(jì)偏誤;重新選擇了產(chǎn)業(yè)間共同集聚及技術(shù)創(chuàng)新指標(biāo);根據(jù)不同市場競爭結(jié)構(gòu)條件,區(qū)分并構(gòu)造了產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚靜態(tài)外部性與動(dòng)態(tài)外部性指標(biāo);首次采用地級(jí)市層面技術(shù)創(chuàng)新面板數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新機(jī)制進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)。第三,研究結(jié)論創(chuàng)新。本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)核心變量及相關(guān)控制變量對(duì)地區(qū)TFP和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在多數(shù)情況下均具有顯著的非線性影響,結(jié)合相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,本文對(duì)相應(yīng)的非線性影響效應(yīng)給出了較為合理的解釋。
[Abstract]:At present, China has formally entered the new normal stage of economic development. The speed of economic growth has changed from high speed to medium and high speed growth. The impetus of economic growth is gradually driven from investment, factor driven to innovation driven. Regional technological innovation plays an increasingly important role in promoting the sustained economic growth of various regions. In reality, enterprises are in the area. The domain technology innovation is in the main position and plays the leading role, and influenced by many factors such as market force, geographical location and resource endowment, the enterprises belonging to different industries have different degrees of agglomeration in all regions of the country. Regional industrial agglomeration has become the actual carrier to promote regional technological innovation and economic growth. After investigating the spatial and geographical distribution of regional industrial agglomeration and economic growth level in China, it is found that there is a high degree of geographical overlap between the two areas with higher level of development. In fact, the spatial and geographical distribution of regional industrial agglomeration and technological innovation in China will be observed, regional industrial agglomeration and regional technological innovation are found. There is also a positive correlation between the geographical distribution and the regional distribution. The above empirical facts have naturally aroused the following thinking: does regional industrial agglomeration have a significant role in promoting regional economic growth? Which industry agglomeration is beneficial to regional economic growth? Which industrial agglomeration is more conducive to regional economy? What factors will be influenced by industrial agglomeration in the process of promoting economic growth? Does regional industrial agglomeration have a significant role in promoting regional technological innovation? Which industry agglomeration is beneficial to regional technological innovation? Which industrial agglomeration is more conducive to regional technological innovation? In the shadow of regional industrial agglomeration In the process of regional economic development, what role does regional technological innovation play? On the basis of combing and reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad, combining the theory of industrial agglomeration, technology innovation and economic growth, the spatial connection between cities is introduced into the new economic geography model, and the image of industrial agglomeration is rededuced. The theoretical model of economic growth in the ringing region, through the construction of the panel data of 279 cities in China for 2006-2014 years, and the comprehensive application of various panel data model estimation methods, try to make a systematic and accurate answer to this series of important problems. This paper from the theoretical model, measurement model, research perspective, variable selection and research data. In the face of existing research, the following important conclusions are concluded through empirical research. First, from the perspective of industry, the current manufacturing agglomeration does not have the so-called crowding effect, and the manufacturing agglomeration has a significant agglomeration effect on regional economic growth. In more than 50% of the sample areas, the manufacturing industry clusters on the regional economy. The growth shows a positive impact on the increase of deceleration. Service industry agglomeration also shows a significant agglomeration effect on regional economic growth, and in all sample areas, service industry agglomeration has a positive effect on the growth of regional economic growth. In the service sector, in all sample areas, the production service industry is gathering to the ground. Regional economic growth shows a positive impact on increasing deceleration; in almost all sample areas, public service agglomeration has a positive effect on regional economic growth. However, in only 17% of the sample areas, consumer service agglomeration has a positive effect on regional economic growth. In addition to the effect of collective agglomeration on regional economic growth, in addition to the monotonous and positive impact of the joint agglomeration of manufacturing and consumer services on regional economic growth, in all sample areas, both manufacturing and overall service industry, productive service industry and public service industry have shown an accelerated decline in regional economic growth. Finally, only the manufacturing agglomeration, the overall service industry agglomeration and the productive service industry agglomeration affect the regional economic growth to meet the "Williamson hypothesis", and the "openness hypothesis" is not established in China. Secondly, from the perspective of the static externality of industrial agglomeration, the externality of industrial agglomeration exists in the regional economic growth. The strong negative impact, the inter industry agglomeration externality has a significant "inverted U" effect on regional economic growth. In the 85% sample area, the inter industry agglomeration externality has a positive effect on the regional economic growth. From the dynamic externality angle of industrial agglomeration, under the competitive market structure, the external Porter is outside. Sex has a significant negative impact on regional economic growth, and the externality of Jacobs has a significant positive effect on regional economic growth. Under the monopoly market structure, the externality of MAR has a significant "U" effect on regional economic growth. In the 83% sample area, the externality of MAR shows an accelerated decline in regional economic growth. In addition, the impact of industrial agglomeration dynamic externality on regional economic growth is also regulated by the stage of regional economic development. In the early period of economic development, Porter externalities played a significant role in promoting regional economic growth; with the continuous development of the economy, the influence of Porter externalities on regional economic growth was positively negative, at this time Jacobs The positive effect of externality on regional economic growth begins to appear. When the economy develops to a higher stage, the influence of MAR externality on regional economic growth will be negative. Thirdly, based on the industry perspective, it is found that the agglomeration of manufacturing industry and service industry and its subdivision industry are all more significant to regional technological innovation. In the vast majority of samples, the agglomeration of manufacturing industry and service industry and its subdivision industry cluster have a significant positive impact on regional technological innovation. In addition, the joint agglomeration of manufacturing and consumer services does not have a significant impact on regional technological innovation. The joint agglomeration of industries presents a monotonous, accelerated decline, and a positive impact on the growth of regional technological innovation. Based on the static externality perspective of industrial agglomeration, it is found that the externality of industrial agglomeration has a significant "inverted U" effect on regional technological innovation. In the 92% sample area, the externality of the industrial agglomeration is on the ground. Industrial agglomeration externalities have a significant "U" effect on regional technological innovation. Only in 30% of the sample areas, the externality of inter industry agglomeration has a accelerating effect on regional technological innovation; based on the dynamic externality perspective of industrial agglomeration Both MAR externality and Porter externality showed a significant "inverted U" effect on regional technological innovation. In the 81% sample area, MAR externalities showed accelerated diminishing effect on regional technological innovation, while in all sample areas, Porter externalities showed accelerated diminishing effect on regional technological innovation; Jacobs Externality has a significant "U" effect on regional technological innovation. However, only in 25% of the sample areas, Jacobs externality has a positive effect on regional technological innovation. Finally, the study of the moderating effect model based on the effect of technological innovation on regional economic growth has found that the consumption service industry has been found. In addition to the metered model, in other measurement models, regional technological innovation has a significant promotion effect on regional economic growth. The use of MacKinnon et al. (2002) suggests that the intermediate effect test method with higher statistical efficiency is found to be used to test the regional technological innovation in service industry agglomeration, production service industry agglomeration, and manufacturing industry. Together with the service industry, the joint agglomeration of the manufacturing industry and the productive service industry has played a complete intermediary effect in the process of regional economic growth, and regional technological innovation plays a part in the process of manufacturing industry agglomeration, public service industry agglomeration, manufacturing industry and public service industry agglomeration. The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in the following aspects: first, research perspective innovation. This paper systematically studies the influence of agglomeration and agglomeration between manufacturing and service industry and subdivision services on regional economic growth, and further demonstrates the static externality and dynamic externality of agglomeration. Similar treatment methods, empirical test the intermediary role of technological innovation in the impact of industrial agglomeration on regional economic growth. Second, model construction, variable selection and data source innovation. The relationship between cities is considered in the deduction of theoretical model, and two terms of core explanatory variables and control variables are introduced in the econometric model. On the basis of the missing variables, the model setting error and the two-way causality error, the industrial agglomeration and the technical innovation indexes are re chosen, and the static externality and the dynamic externality of industrial agglomeration are differentiated and constructed according to the competitive structure conditions of different markets. The innovation mechanism of the operation is tested. Third, the research conclusions are innovating. This paper finds that the core variables and related control variables have significant nonlinear effects on regional TFP and technological innovation in most cases, and this paper gives a more reasonable explanation for the corresponding nonlinear effects combined with the relevant economic theory.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F124

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