本文選題：陜西省中北部地區(qū) + 古樹名木��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：古樹名木是人類現(xiàn)有的鮮活的化石，是目前珍稀的林木資源，既是寶貴的自然資源也是鮮活的歷史文物。古樹名木是珍稀樹木種質(zhì)資源保存與開發(fā)利用的基礎(chǔ)；是區(qū)域歷史文化的載體；是區(qū)域旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展前提；是城市景觀生態(tài)發(fā)展的必要基礎(chǔ)。保護好古樹名木對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展建設(shè)有重要的意義。 本文先對陜西省中北部地區(qū)古樹名木的生存現(xiàn)狀結(jié)合文獻、史記等進行了實地調(diào)研，拍攝、記錄了古樹名木生存現(xiàn)狀及樹體資料的圖片。通過實地調(diào)研得出，陜西省中北部地區(qū)古樹名木生存現(xiàn)狀不佳，調(diào)查的176棵樹木，39個樹種，分屬26科。其中6個主要樹種占70.45%，主要分布種有槐樹、側(cè)柏、皂莢、銀杏、云杉等�；睒渑c側(cè)柏大部分在千年以上，古樹名木年齡在90-5000年之間變化，變化幅度較大。古樹名木的樹體指標與其自身年齡及生存環(huán)境有一定相關(guān)性。陜西省中北部地區(qū)古樹名木的高度在4-30m之間變化，胸徑在0.42-4m之間變化，冠幅在3-20m之間變化。大部分古樹名木健康狀況欠佳，古樹枯斷枝情況較普遍，偏冠樹木較多，病蟲害較嚴重。目前古樹名木大部分生長情況堪憂，生長勢衰弱，亟須對古樹名木進行有效的保護管理。 陜西省中北部地區(qū)的176棵古樹名木分布在6種生長環(huán)境類型中，即園林名勝、單位學(xué)校、城鎮(zhèn)街道、村莊院落、路旁底邊、山間曠野。大部分古樹名木生存環(huán)境差,古樹名木在園林名勝中分布最多；山林曠野中也有不少古樹名木，但這些樹木沒有得到良好的保護措施；城鎮(zhèn)街道中的古樹名木很少，需要重點關(guān)注。陜西省中北部地區(qū)的古樹名木的冠幅變化較大，園林名勝等擁有最大最老的古樹名木，說明在這里樹木的生長得到了較好的空間范圍。 調(diào)查中80%的古樹名木都擁有較好歷史文化價值，，依據(jù)其歷史價值和自身特征將其分為四類：古樹王者、古樹神韻、古樹奇觀、古樹繁花。目前陜西省中北部地區(qū)古樹王者16棵，古樹神韻50余棵，古樹奇觀20余棵，古樹繁花10余株。他們都擁有獨特的故事韻味，或與歷史事件人物相關(guān)，或與自身形態(tài)相關(guān)，或與其古老的年歲相關(guān)，這些古樹名木都攜帶著重要的歷史文化信息。它們見證了陜西省的歷史發(fā)展，為我們記載了珍貴的歷史信息，展現(xiàn)了華夏文明的發(fā)展史，記錄著區(qū)域建設(shè)的歷程和政治變遷，它也反映了陜西省中北部地區(qū)的地域歷史文脈和景觀特色。 經(jīng)調(diào)研，陜西省中北部地區(qū)古樹名木的保護存在四個問題：古樹名木掛牌問題、古樹名木地址資料登記不詳細、古樹名木的生存環(huán)境差、對古樹名木的景觀性差。對目前存在的問題進行分析討論，提出保護與利用建議，保護方面：對古樹名木進行分級、分類保護；對古樹名木進行長期監(jiān)測；對瀕�；蛱厥夤艠涿具M行專項研究保護；古樹名木的移栽措施。利用方面：一是建立相關(guān)古樹名木基因庫，二是要重視古樹和古樹衰弱瀕死科學(xué)研究。三是要重視開發(fā)珍稀古樹名木的生產(chǎn)價值。
[Abstract]:Old trees are the human living fossil, is the forest resources is rare, precious natural resources and vivid historical relics. The ancient and famous trees are rare trees based preservation of germplasm resources exploitation and utilization; is the carrier of regional history and culture; is the prerequisite of the development of regional tourism industry is a necessary foundation for city landscape; the development of ecological protection. Good old trees are important to the construction of regional economic development.
Firstly, the survival status of trees in north central region of Shaanxi Province wood combined with literature records and conducted field research, shooting, recording of trees and tree survival status data images. Through the investigation of the ancient north central region of Shaanxi province were survival status of poor, the survey of 176 trees, 39 species, belonging to 26 families. Among the 6 main species accounted for 70.45%, the main distribution types of Acacia trees, Platycladus orientalis, acacia, ginkgo tree, spruce. And most of the Platycladus orientalis for thousands of years, ancient famous trees change at 90-5000 years of age, changes in amplitude. The larger trees in the index of its own age and the living environment to a certain extent. The ancient north central region of Shaanxi Province wood height between 4-30m diameter changes, changes in the range of 0.42-4m, the crown is between 3-20m. Most of the trees in poor health, old trees withered branches. Generally, there are more crown trees and more serious diseases and insect pests. At present, most of the growth of ancient and famous trees is worrying, and their growth potential is weakening. Therefore, it is urgent for effective protection and management of ancient and famous trees.
The north central region of Shaanxi province the 176 trees distributed in 6 growth environment types, namely garden spots, school units, urban streets, village courtyard, street edge, mountain wilderness. Most of the trees living environment is poor, old trees in the garden were the most scenic spot in the mountains in the wilderness; there are a lot of trees a wood, but these trees have not been well protected; urban street trees rarely need to focus on. The crown changes of ancient and famous trees in the north central region of Shaanxi province of the large gardens and scenic spots have the largest and most of the old trees, trees here are good space.
The survey of 80% of the trees have better historical and cultural value, on the basis of its historical value and its characteristics will be divided into four categories: the ancient kings, ancient charm, ancient wonders of flowers. The trees in north central region of Shaanxi Province, the ancient king of 16 trees, trees more than 50 trees of the ancient charm, the wonders of trees more than 20 trees. Flowers trees more than 10 trees. They all have unique charm and historical events or stories, characters, or with its form, or its ancient age, these old trees are carrying an important historical and cultural information. They witnessed the history of the development of Shaanxi Province, we recorded the precious historical information that shows the development history of Chinese civilization, history records the construction of regional and political changes, it also reflects the northern area of Shaanxi province and the local historical and cultural landscape features.
After investigation, there are four problems in the protection of ancient and famous trees in Shaanxi Province in North Central Region: the trees listed issues, trees address registration information in detail, the ancient and famous trees in the living environment, the landscape of trees. The existing problems were analyzed and discussed, put forward protection and protection the suggestions: classification, classification and protection of ancient and famous trees; the long-term monitoring of trees; conduct special research on the protection of endangered or special trees; transplanting trees. Use: one is to establish relevant ovts gene pool, two is to attach importance to trees and old trees in the dying science study three is to attach importance to the development of rare trees production value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S788

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