本文選題：地質災害　切入點：預警模型　出處：《長安大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：陜西地區(qū)地質災害發(fā)生頻繁，造成了較多的人員傷亡和財產損失，給人民的生命和財產帶來嚴重的威脅，從而制約區(qū)域的經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展。氣象因素是誘發(fā)該類災害發(fā)生的主要自然因素，且該類災害發(fā)生具有突發(fā)性和不確定性。對地質災害實施自動監(jiān)測預警是防災減災的重要舉措，可以極大地提高災害防治水平。盡管經過多年的研究與實踐，成功的避免了一些地質災害的發(fā)生，但因此類災害的突發(fā)性和復雜性，地質災害預警仍然面臨許多難題。本文選取G108陜西重點地段為研究區(qū)域，在充分總結歸納國內外已有的相關研究成果、參閱各地區(qū)監(jiān)測預警成功經驗的基礎上，針對陜西地質災害防治工作的實際需求，在陜西省地質災害自動監(jiān)測預警項目資助下開展研究工作，旨在建立陜西地質災害監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)，為公路災害管理部門的工作提供科學參考，，為在全省乃至全國范圍內類似條件下的災害監(jiān)測預警提供技術服務和管理示范的作用。 本文在綜述國內外關于地質災害監(jiān)測預警研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎上，主要以崩塌、滑坡和泥石流災害為主要研究對象，建立陜西省地質災害監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)，主要從地質災害綜合自動監(jiān)測、預測預警模型、災害數(shù)據(jù)庫建設、開發(fā)監(jiān)測預警平臺四個方面開展研究。 首先，對研究區(qū)地質環(huán)境條件、地質災害類型及發(fā)育特征進行闡述。 其次，本文對地質氣象災害監(jiān)測預警的主要方法及模型進行了探討，并對各自的應用性進行簡要分析，為氣象地質災害監(jiān)測預警系統(tǒng)的研究與開發(fā)奠定了理論基礎。 然后，在以已調查路段的災害數(shù)據(jù)結合監(jiān)測預警的數(shù)據(jù)特點和系統(tǒng)功能需求的基礎上，完成了系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫框架結構和建庫模式設計，實現(xiàn)了多種數(shù)據(jù)類型的一體化管理。 最后，經過對系統(tǒng)用戶詳細調查與分析，進行合理的系統(tǒng)總體結構、詳細功能及系統(tǒng)界面設計，實現(xiàn)了模塊化主體結構，設計實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理分析、預警預報、信息發(fā)布、應急指揮、地圖展示、地質災害工程管理等多個子系統(tǒng)功能，同時實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的顯示、查詢、數(shù)據(jù)輸出等功能。
[Abstract]:The frequent occurrence of geological disasters in Shaanxi region has caused more casualties and property losses, and brought serious threats to people's lives and property, thus restricting the sustainable development of regional economy.The meteorological factor is the main natural factor that induces this kind of disaster, and the occurrence of this kind of disaster is sudden and uncertain.Automatic monitoring and early warning of geological hazards is an important measure for disaster prevention and mitigation, which can greatly improve the level of disaster prevention and control.Although many years of research and practice have successfully avoided the occurrence of some geological disasters, but because of the sudden and complexity of such disasters, geological disaster early warning still faces many difficulties.This paper selects G108 Shaanxi key area as the research area, on the basis of summing up and summing up the existing relevant research results at home and abroad, referring to the successful experiences of monitoring and early warning in various regions, aiming at the actual demand of geological disaster prevention and control work in Shaanxi.In order to establish a geological hazard monitoring and early warning system in Shaanxi Province and provide a scientific reference for the work of highway disaster management departments, research work has been carried out under the funding of the Shaanxi Provincial Geological disaster automatic Monitoring and early warning Project.It can provide technical service and management demonstration for the disaster monitoring and early warning in the whole province and even in the whole country.On the basis of summarizing the present situation of geological hazard monitoring and early warning research at home and abroad, this paper mainly takes collapse, landslide and debris flow disaster as the main research object, and establishes the geological hazard monitoring and warning system of Shaanxi Province.The research is mainly carried out from four aspects, such as comprehensive automatic monitoring of geological hazards, prediction and early warning model, construction of disaster database and development of monitoring and early warning platform.First of all, the geological environment conditions, geological hazard types and development characteristics of the study area are described.Secondly, this paper discusses the main methods and models of geological and meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning, and briefly analyzes their application, which lays a theoretical foundation for the research and development of meteorological geological disaster monitoring and early warning system.Then, on the basis of the data characteristics of monitoring and early warning and the requirement of system function, the database frame structure and database pattern design of the system are completed, and the integrated management of many kinds of data types is realized.Finally, through the detailed investigation and analysis to the system user, the reasonable system overall structure, the detailed function and the system interface design are carried out, the modularization main body structure is realized, the data collection, the data processing analysis, the early warning forecast are designed and realized.Information release, emergency command, map display, geological hazard engineering management and other sub-system functions are implemented, such as system display, query, data output and so on.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P694;P429

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