本文關(guān)鍵詞： 低效林 經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造 土壤微生物 土壤酶 土壤養(yǎng)分　出處：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,由于自然環(huán)境破壞和人為活動干擾等因素造成的低效林分面積日益擴(kuò)大的問題,引起了國內(nèi)外專家的重視。低效林不僅影響林業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,降低了森林整體質(zhì)量和功能,還阻礙了行業(yè)和區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會的健康發(fā)展,因此川中丘陵區(qū)大面積的柏木低效林亟需進(jìn)行改造與重建。德陽市屬長江上游區(qū)域,對其低效林分進(jìn)行改造,提高其保水保土的防護(hù)效益,是長江防護(hù)林工程建設(shè)中必不可少的重要環(huán)節(jié),也是“川中丘陵區(qū)人工林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化與功能提升技術(shù)"專題的重點研究內(nèi)容之一。本文以德陽市旌陽區(qū)柏木低效林為對照,通過野外調(diào)查和室內(nèi)分析,研究以花椒為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造初期土壤微生物數(shù)量、土壤酶活性及養(yǎng)分含量狀況,探討土壤微生物、酶活性與土壤養(yǎng)分的關(guān)系以及土壤質(zhì)量變化,為低效林的經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造模式提供理論基礎(chǔ),研究結(jié)果表明：1.花椒改造模式土壤pH值低于對照,差異極顯著。經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造模式下土壤全鉀、速效鉀、有效磷含量均極顯著高于柏木低效林,有機(jī)質(zhì)和其他養(yǎng)分含量差異不顯著。花椒、核桃經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造模式土壤養(yǎng)分含量差異均不顯著。土壤各養(yǎng)分含量垂直分布規(guī)律一致,均隨著土層的加深逐漸減少。2.土壤細(xì)菌占微生物總數(shù)量的75%以上,放線菌次之,真菌最少。與柏木低效林相比,經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造模式土壤微生物各類群均有所提高。土壤微生物總量以及細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌數(shù)量存在一致的垂直分布規(guī)律,均隨著土層加深迅速下降,主要集中在上層。各微生物類群數(shù)量在夏季和秋季多于春季和冬季。花椒、核桃改造模式與柏木低效林細(xì)菌數(shù)量均在秋季最多,花椒改造模式與對照林地細(xì)菌數(shù)量冬季最少,核桃改造模式則在春季最少；花椒改造模式與對照樣地放線菌數(shù)量秋季最多,冬季最少,而核桃改造模式放線菌數(shù)量夏季最多,春季最少；花椒、核桃改造模式與對照樣地土壤真菌數(shù)量均在秋季最多,但花椒、核桃改造模式放線菌數(shù)量春季最少,柏木低效林冬季最少；微生物總數(shù)季節(jié)動態(tài)規(guī)律與細(xì)菌數(shù)量一致。3.核桃改造模式與對照相比較,土壤過氧化氫酶、脲酶活性差異不顯著,但磷酸酶活性顯著低于對照；花椒改造模式與對照相比,三種土壤酶活性差異均不顯著。隨土層深度的增加,三種酶的活性都呈現(xiàn)減弱的趨勢,其活性主要集中在上層。改造模式與對照林地土壤過氧化氫酶活性均在夏季最高,但前者在冬季最低,后者在春季最低；花椒改造模式土壤脲酶活性夏季最高,冬季最低,而核桃改造模式和對照林地其活性秋季最高,冬季最低；土壤磷酸酶活性均為夏季最高,冬季最低。4.施用無機(jī)化肥在短期內(nèi)對土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量沒有顯著影響,土壤全氮、堿解氮、有效磷含量隨著相應(yīng)肥料的施用量增加而增加,土壤全磷、全鉀、速效鉀含量隨著相應(yīng)肥料施用量的增加呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢。土壤細(xì)菌數(shù)量隨著氮肥的施用量先增加后減少,少量的磷、鉀肥可提高細(xì)菌數(shù)量,過量則會抑制細(xì)菌活動,無機(jī)化肥的施用會減少土壤放線菌、真菌數(shù)量。施用無機(jī)肥在短期內(nèi)可顯著提高土壤酶活性,但隨著其施用量的增加其活性會降低。5.細(xì)菌數(shù)量與有效磷含量極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與速效鉀含量極顯著正相關(guān)；放線菌數(shù)量與全磷、全氮、水解氮含量顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)；真菌數(shù)量與有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、水解氮、有效磷含量呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān)。土壤過氧化氫酶活性與全氮含量呈極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系；脲酶活性與全氮、速效鉀含量呈顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系；磷酸酶活性與全磷、有效磷、全氮、堿解氮、速效鉀含量呈顯著或極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量與三種酶活性均呈顯著或極顯著正相關(guān),真菌數(shù)量與磷酸酶活性顯著相關(guān),與過氧化氫酶活性極顯著相關(guān)。6.經(jīng)濟(jì)林改造模式土壤全氮含量與放線菌、真菌數(shù)量以及土壤酶活性的相關(guān)性最為顯著,說明土壤全氮含量對土壤生物學(xué)性質(zhì)影響較大。真菌數(shù)量和磷酸酶活性與大部分土壤養(yǎng)分含量顯著或極顯著相關(guān),說明土壤真菌數(shù)量和磷酸酶活性可更好的評價土壤肥力水平。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the destruction of natural environment and human disturbance factors such as low stand area growing problem, attracted the attention of domestic and foreign experts. The forest not only affect the sustainable development of forestry, the forest reduces the overall quality and function, but also hinders the healthy development of economic and social sectors and regions, so the transformation with the reconstruction of large area in hilly area of Sichuan cypress forest to Deyang city. The upper reaches of the Yangtze River region, the transformation of the inefficient stand, improve the soil and water conservation benefit protection, is an important part of the Yangtze River shelterbelt project construction is essential, "in the hilly area of central Sichuan structure optimization and the function of artificial forest ecosystem" one of the key research contents to enhance the technical topic. This paper takes Deyang City Jingyang District cypress forest as the control, through field investigation and laboratory analysis, the research mainly to pepper The economic transformation of the initial forest soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity and nutrient status, to explore the relationship between soil microorganism, enzyme activity and soil nutrient and soil quality changes and provide a theoretical basis for the transformation of mode of economic forest forest, the results showed that: 1. pepper transformation model of soil pH value is lower than the control, significant differences in economic forest. The transformation mode of soil total potassium, available potassium, available phosphorus content was significantly higher than that of Cupressus funebris forest, organic matter and other nutrient content had no significant difference. The Chinese prickly ash, walnut forest transformation model of soil nutrient content had no significant difference. The vertical distribution of soil nutrient content were decreased with soil depth.2. soil bacteria accounted for more than 75% of the total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. Compared with cypress forest, economic forest transformation groups have different soil microorganisms Increased. The total amount of soil microbes and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in vertical distribution were consistent, with the deepening of soil layer decreased rapidly, mainly concentrated in the upper layer. The number of microbes in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. The Chinese prickly ash, walnut and cypress forest transformation mode of the number of bacteria were the highest in autumn, pepper transformation the control mode and the number of bacteria in winter forest at least, is the least in spring walnut transformation mode; pepper transformation pattern and the control of Actinomyces in autumn most, least in winter, and the walnut transformation pattern of Actinomyces most in summer, less in spring; the Chinese prickly ash, walnut transformation pattern and control the number of fungi samples were the highest in autumn however, Chinese prickly ash, walnut transformation mode of actinomycetes in spring cypress forest at least in winter; the total number of microorganisms and bacteria consistent seasonal dynamics of nuclear.3. Peach transformation model compared with the control, soil catalase, urease activity had no significant difference, but the phosphatase activity was significantly lower than the control; pepper transformation model compared with the control, three kinds of soil enzyme activities were not significantly different. With the increase of soil depth, the activity of the three enzymes showed a weakening trend, its activity is mainly concentrated on the the upper. The transformation pattern and control soil catalase activity were highest in summer, but the lowest in winter and the lowest in spring; pepper transformation mode of soil urease activity was highest in summer, lowest in winter, while the nuclear transformation pattern and its control of peach forest activity were highest in autumn and lowest in winter; the soil phosphatase activity was highest in summer and winter the lowest.4. chemical fertilizer had no significant effect on soil organic matter content in the short term, soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus content with corresponding fertilizer application amount Increased soil total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium content with the corresponding amount of fertilizer increased and then decreased. The number of soil bacteria with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased first and then decreased, a small amount of phosphorus and potassium can improve the quantity of bacteria, excess can inhibit bacterial activity, inorganic fertilizer will reduce the number of actinomycetes, fungi significantly increased soil enzyme activity. The application of inorganic fertilizer in the short term, but with the increase of application rates of the activity of.5. can reduce the number of bacteria and the content of available phosphorus significantly negatively correlated with available potassium content was significantly positive correlation; the number of actinomycetes and the total phosphorus, total nitrogen hydrolysis, nitrogen content was significant or extremely significant positive correlation; the number of fungi and organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzable nitrogen, a significant or extremely significant positive correlation. The content of available phosphorus in soil catalase activity and total nitrogen content showed significant correlation; urea Enzyme activity and total nitrogen, there was a significant correlation between potassium content; phosphatase activity and total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, significant or very significant correlation. The content of available potassium bacteria, actinomycetes and three kinds of enzyme activity were significant or highly significant positive correlation, significant correlation and the number of fungi phosphatase activity and catalase activity was significantly related to.6. economic forest transformation soil total nitrogen content and actinomycetes, fungi and soil enzyme activities were the most significant correlation, indicating the soil total nitrogen content has greater effect on soil biological properties. The number of fungi and phosphatase activity and soil nutrient content was most significant or extremely significant correlation, indicating the level of evaluation of soil fertility and soil fungi quantity and phosphatase activities could be better.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S714

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