本文選題：高投融資擔(dān)保　切入點：風(fēng)險管理　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：中小企業(yè)尤其是科技型中小企業(yè)是保持國民經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的重要力量,也是吸納就業(yè)的主要渠道。但是在其生存發(fā)展的過程中,面臨著較為普遍的“融資難”等問題。雖然,目前各級政府相繼出臺了一系列扶持政策,加大對科技型中小企業(yè)融資支持的力度,但是由于科技型中小企業(yè)常常存在抵押物不足、反擔(dān)保措施不夠、自身生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險大等問題,造成商業(yè)銀行“惜貸”現(xiàn)象嚴重。作為準(zhǔn)金融機構(gòu)的各類擔(dān)保機構(gòu)的介入為科技型中小企業(yè)“融資難”解決提供了一種途徑,一些政府性擔(dān)保公司創(chuàng)新業(yè)務(wù)方式,比如接受專利等商業(yè)銀行不容易接受的反擔(dān)保措施,降低其融資擔(dān)保門檻,以政府的公共信用資源為其提供準(zhǔn)公共品。但是,這種創(chuàng)新必然帶來門檻的降低和風(fēng)險的增加,把風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)嫁到擔(dān)保機構(gòu)身上,其可能是收取2-5%的擔(dān)保費,卻要承擔(dān)100%的代償風(fēng)險,因此科學(xué)分析擔(dān)保機構(gòu)面臨的風(fēng)險問題,有助于擔(dān)保機構(gòu)的長遠發(fā)展。本文首先分析了融資擔(dān)保的概念、基本理論、主要模式、業(yè)務(wù)類型等,針對融資擔(dān)保風(fēng)險涵蓋的政策風(fēng)險、法律風(fēng)險、市場風(fēng)險等系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險,以及代償風(fēng)險(信用風(fēng)險)、第三方信用風(fēng)險、管理風(fēng)險等非系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險進行研究,并研究其特點和產(chǎn)生的根源,認為要強化風(fēng)險管理,著重要通過風(fēng)險的識別、預(yù)測和衡量,選擇有效的手段,有效控制和化解風(fēng)險,并總結(jié)了日本等國家在控制融資擔(dān)保風(fēng)險的先進經(jīng)驗。其次從知識產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押融資、擔(dān)保換期權(quán)等主要業(yè)務(wù)開展,分析高投融資擔(dān)保近年的發(fā)展,并對其面臨的風(fēng)險環(huán)境進行分析,主要是涉及代償風(fēng)險、資源不足、內(nèi)部管理等內(nèi)部控制風(fēng)險,監(jiān)管過多過細、自主創(chuàng)新不夠等政策風(fēng)險,行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)范性不夠等行業(yè)風(fēng)險,面臨其他政策性擔(dān)保機構(gòu)、商業(yè)擔(dān)保機構(gòu)、專業(yè)擔(dān)保機構(gòu)等競爭的市場風(fēng)險。第三,以DF軟件的融資擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù),研究項目主要決策流程及其風(fēng)險控制機制。著力研究四個方面:一是擔(dān)保調(diào)查、擔(dān)保評審、擔(dān)保決策、擔(dān)保后續(xù)程序等項目主要決策流程;二是風(fēng)險識別的要求和原則;三是全員風(fēng)險管理、全面風(fēng)險管理、全程風(fēng)險管理等項目風(fēng)險控制機制;四是從實現(xiàn)條件可控、實現(xiàn)評審可控、實現(xiàn)手段可控、實現(xiàn)監(jiān)督可控等四個方面提出項目風(fēng)險控制與化解方案。我們認為,提升高投融資擔(dān)保風(fēng)險管理水平,一是要著力從內(nèi)控制度、構(gòu)建信用體系、優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局、創(chuàng)新業(yè)務(wù)模式、推進團隊建設(shè)等方面完善內(nèi)部風(fēng)險控制機制建設(shè);二是要著力從推動政府政策創(chuàng)新、推動政府監(jiān)管創(chuàng)新、完善征信制度建設(shè)等方面促進政策風(fēng)險化解機制建設(shè);三是要從企業(yè)自身考慮推動行業(yè)風(fēng)險化解機制建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and medium-sized technological enterprises, are the important force to maintain the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and also the main channels to absorb employment.However, in the process of its survival and development, it is faced with more common "financing difficulties" and other problems.Although at present, governments at all levels have successively issued a series of supporting policies to increase financing support for small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises, however, because there are often insufficient collateral for technology-based SMEs, counter-guarantee measures are not enough.Its own production risk and other problems, resulting in commercial banks, "reluctant lending" phenomenon is serious.The involvement of various guarantee organizations as quasi-financial institutions provides a way to solve the "financing difficulties" of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises, and some government-sponsored companies innovate their business methods.For example, accepting the patent and other commercial banks is not easy to accept the counter-guarantee measures, reduce its financing guarantee threshold, and provide quasi-public goods with the government's public credit resources.However, this innovation will inevitably lead to the reduction of threshold and the increase of risk. The risk may be transferred to the guarantee institution, which may be charged 2-5% of the guarantee fee, but it will have to bear 100% of the compensatory risk. Therefore, the risk problems faced by the guarantee organization will be scientifically analyzed.Contribute to the long-term development of the guarantee agency.This paper first analyzes the concept, basic theory, main mode, business type of financing guarantee, aiming at the systemic risks, such as policy risk, legal risk, market risk and so on.As well as compensatory risk (credit risk, third party credit risk, management risk and other non-systematic risk research, and study its characteristics and root causes, it is considered that to strengthen risk management, it is important to identify, predict and measure the risk.This paper chooses effective means to control and defuse risks effectively, and sums up the advanced experiences of Japan and other countries in controlling financing guarantee risk.Secondly, it analyzes the development of high investment and financing guarantee in recent years from the main business of intellectual property pledge financing, guarantee exchange option and so on, and analyzes the risk environment it faces, which mainly involves compensatory risk and insufficient resources.Internal control risks such as internal management, excessive supervision, insufficient independent innovation, and other industry risks, such as inadequate industry development norms, are facing other policy guarantee agencies and commercial guarantee agencies,The market risk of competition such as professional guarantee organization.Thirdly, the main decision-making process and risk control mechanism of the project are studied with the financing guarantee business of DF software.Focus on four aspects: first, guarantee investigation, guarantee review, guarantee decision-making, guarantee follow-up procedures, etc.; second, requirements and principles of risk identification; third, all-staff risk management, comprehensive risk management,The fourth is to put forward the project risk control and solution scheme from four aspects: the condition controllable, the evaluation controllable, the means controllable, the supervision controllable and so on.We believe that to improve the risk management level of high investment and financing guarantee, we should improve the internal risk control mechanism from the aspects of internal control system, building credit system, optimizing industrial layout, innovating business model, promoting team building and so on.The second is to promote government policy innovation, promote government regulatory innovation, improve the credit system construction and other aspects to promote the construction of policy risk resolution mechanism; third, from the enterprise own considerations to promote the industry risk resolution mechanism construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F272.3;F832.39

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