【摘要】：創(chuàng)新與創(chuàng)業(yè)被喻為新時代國家、地區(qū)經濟發(fā)展的最強動力,研究表明不斷產生的創(chuàng)業(yè)活動或新企業(yè)給經濟增長帶來了持續(xù)的活力,是促進經濟繁榮最有效的途徑。在我國,自從實施農村經濟體制改革以來,極大地解放了生產力,迅速提高了農業(yè)勞動生產率,于是導致農村剩余勞動力迅速增加,形成外出打工的熱潮。內蒙古作為西部欠發(fā)達地區(qū),長期以來也是依靠外出打工的形式解決大量農牧區(qū)剩余勞動力就業(yè)。盡管外出打工切實改善了農牧民的生活水平,但究其本質屬于“治標不治本”,外出打工只是暫時性地提高了農牧民的收入,卻不能解決農牧民的長期就業(yè)問題;外出打工對勞動力輸出地的負面影響大于正面影響,一來經濟貢獻率低,二來導致人才流失、人才結構失衡,同時還引發(fā)一些不可避免的社會問題,眾多的留守婦女、留守兒童、留守老人成為打工經濟的犧牲品。隨著內蒙古自治區(qū)經濟的快速發(fā)展,勞動力已不再是單向流出,而是形成了“有進有出”的雙向流動局面,越來越多的農牧民結束打工生活,選擇返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè),將自己在打工期間積累的資金、技術、知識帶回家鄉(xiāng),解決自我就業(yè)的同時帶動家鄉(xiāng)經濟發(fā)展,甚至帶動其他的家鄉(xiāng)同胞發(fā)家致富,形成新一輪的“返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)潮”。在長期的探索中,發(fā)現引導農牧民創(chuàng)業(yè)才是實現農牧民增收、解決農牧區(qū)剩余勞動力、實現城鎮(zhèn)化的可靠途徑,也是農牧民實現長效發(fā)展的必由之路。本文通過實地調研,以理論分析與數據分析相結合的方法,對鑲黃旗返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的蒙古族牧民進行調查,研究其打工、創(chuàng)業(yè)的活動過程以及如何加快二者之間的轉化。本文首先追溯了鑲黃旗蒙古族牧民外出打工的過程及特點,主要從打工歷程、時間、規(guī)模、原因幾個角度分析打工經濟現象,由此引申至蒙古族返鄉(xiāng)牧民的創(chuàng)業(yè)問題。以調查問卷和面對面訪談的方法,深入了解牧民創(chuàng)業(yè)者的現狀,總結了基本情況例如年齡、性別、學歷等特點,以及創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境、創(chuàng)業(yè)過程情況,分析了創(chuàng)業(yè)過程中遇到的困難和困境,提出了相應的建議和對策。論文旨在以微觀的視角洞悉蒙古族牧民返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)的整個活動過程,最終擴展到宏觀層面的縣域經濟發(fā)展、地區(qū)經濟發(fā)展,研究如何加快、促進牧民由打工轉變?yōu)閯?chuàng)業(yè),具有理論與現實的雙重意義。
[Abstract]:Innovation and entrepreneurship are regarded as the strongest driving force of regional economic development in the new era. Research shows that the continuous emergence of entrepreneurial activities or new enterprises has brought sustained vitality to economic growth and is the most effective way to promote economic prosperity. In our country, since the implementation of the reform of the rural economic system, the productivity has been greatly liberated and the productivity of agricultural labor has been rapidly improved, which has led to the rapid increase of the rural surplus labor force and the formation of the upsurge of going out to work. Inner Mongolia, as an underdeveloped area in the west, has long relied on the form of going out to work to solve the employment of a large number of surplus labor force in agricultural and pastoral areas. Although the living standard of farmers and herdsmen has been improved by going out to work, its essence belongs to "cure symptoms and not cure root causes". Going out to work only temporarily increases the income of farmers and herdsmen, but it can not solve the long-term employment problem of farmers and herdsmen. The negative impact of going out to work on the export of labor force is greater than the positive impact, one is the low economic contribution rate, the other is the brain drain and the imbalance of talent structure. At the same time, it also leads to some inevitable social problems, a large number of left-behind women. Left-behind children, left-behind old people become the victims of the working economy. With the rapid economic development of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, the labor force is no longer a one-way outflow, but has formed a two-way flow situation of "in and out". More and more farmers and herdsmen end their working lives and choose to return home to start a business. Bring back the funds, skills and knowledge accumulated during the work period, solve the problem of self-employment and drive the economic development of your hometown at the same time, and even drive other compatriots in their hometown to become rich, forming a new round of "returning home entrepreneurship tide." In the long-term exploration, it is found that guiding farmers and herdsmen to start a business is the reliable way to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen, solve the surplus labor force in agricultural and pastoral areas, and realize urbanization, and it is also the only way for farmers and herdsmen to achieve long-term development. Through field investigation and the combination of theoretical analysis and data analysis, this paper investigates the Mongolian herdsmen who return home and start a business in Xianhuang Banner, and studies their working, entrepreneurial activity process and how to speed up the transformation between the two. This paper first traces back to the process and characteristics of Mongolian herdsmen working in Xianhuang Banner, mainly analyzes the economic phenomenon of working from the aspects of working course, time, scale and reasons, which extends to the entrepreneurial problem of Mongolian returning herdsmen. By means of questionnaire and face-to-face interview, this paper deeply understands the present situation of herdsmen's entrepreneurs, summarizes the basic situation such as age, gender, educational background and other characteristics, as well as the entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial process. This paper analyzes on the difficulties and difficulties encountered in the process of starting a business, and puts forward some corresponding suggestions and countermeasures. The purpose of this paper is to understand the whole process of Mongolian herdsmen returning home and start their own businesses from a micro perspective, and finally to expand to the macro level of county economic development and regional economic development, and to study how to speed up the transformation of herdsmen from working to starting a business. It has the dual significance of theory and reality.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6;F279.2

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