【摘要】：本文以比較優(yōu)勢理論為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)2011-2013年安徽省主要糧食作物的種植面積、單位產(chǎn)量以及各地區(qū)比較優(yōu)勢進(jìn)行分析,明確了安徽省主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)所面臨的問題,探索了安徽省主要糧食作物布局,為安徽省糧食生產(chǎn)提供建議。安徽省是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大省,是全國糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,在保障全國糧食安全中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。研究安徽省主要糧食作物比較優(yōu)勢,依此來調(diào)整糧食作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,為提高安徽省糧食作物綜合生產(chǎn)力做貢獻(xiàn)。從安徽省主要糧食作物規(guī)模比較優(yōu)勢、效率比較優(yōu)勢以及綜合比較優(yōu)勢等方面進(jìn)行了分析。安徽省主要糧食作物中,小麥、豆類和稻谷具有規(guī)模優(yōu)勢,其規(guī)模優(yōu)勢指數(shù)分別為1.67、1.24和1.63,玉米和薯類的規(guī)模指數(shù)分別為0.40和0.30,均不具有規(guī)模優(yōu)勢。安徽省主要糧食作物中具有效率優(yōu)勢的作物有小麥和稻谷,其效率優(yōu)勢指數(shù)分別為1.16和1.00,玉米效率指數(shù)為0.90,接近1,具有一定的效率優(yōu)勢,而豆類和薯類的效率優(yōu)勢指數(shù)為0.75和0.78,效率優(yōu)勢指數(shù)較低,不具有效率優(yōu)勢。安徽省主要糧食作物的綜合優(yōu)勢指數(shù),小麥、稻谷、豆類、玉米和薯類分別為1.39、1.11、1.10、0.60和0.49,表明小麥、稻谷、豆類具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢,而玉米和薯類不具有綜合比較優(yōu)勢。通過對(duì)安徽省主要糧食作物的規(guī)模優(yōu)勢、效率優(yōu)勢以及綜合優(yōu)勢的分析,明確了安徽省主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)布局的優(yōu)先序,提出擴(kuò)大小麥、水稻、玉米等優(yōu)勢作物的生產(chǎn),適當(dāng)減少豆類、薯類作物的生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)安徽省的自然條件,大力發(fā)展小麥、稻谷的生產(chǎn),全省建立以優(yōu)質(zhì)小麥、水稻為主的產(chǎn)業(yè)布局,并提高其生產(chǎn)水平。結(jié)合糧食作物在各地區(qū)的綜合比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù),為安徽省糧食作物種植布局提出以下建議:稻谷繼續(xù)在淮河以南種植,減少淮河以北稻谷的種植;小麥在淮北地區(qū)種植,六安,滁州,馬鞍山等地區(qū)也可廣泛種植小麥,另外可以減少安慶,池州和黃山等地小麥的種植,改種綜合比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)較高的作物;玉米在淮河以北種植,山區(qū)及一些丘陵地帶也可以適量種植玉米;豆類種植以淮河以北地區(qū)及黃山地區(qū)為主;薯類作物在安徽省各地區(qū)的綜合優(yōu)勢均比較強(qiáng),尤以黃山,宣城和宿州薯類的綜合比較優(yōu)勢更為突出,薯類可在皖南山區(qū)、江淮丘陵及江淮平原廣泛種植。另外,要推廣綠色糧食增長模式,建立健全糧食豐產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)增效的發(fā)展機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of comparative advantage, this paper analyzes the planting area, unit yield and comparative advantage of the main grain crops in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2013, and clarifies the problems faced by the production of the main grain crops in Anhui Province. The distribution of main grain crops in Anhui Province was explored to provide suggestions for grain production in Anhui Province. Anhui Province is a major agricultural province and one of the main grain producing areas in China, which plays an important role in ensuring national food security. To study the comparative advantage of main grain crops in Anhui Province, to adjust the planting structure of grain crops and the layout of agricultural industry, and to contribute to the improvement of the comprehensive productivity of grain crops in Anhui Province. The comparative advantages of main grain crops in Anhui Province, such as comparative advantage of scale, comparative advantage of efficiency and comprehensive comparative advantage, were analyzed. Among the main grain crops in Anhui Province, wheat, legume and rice have scale advantage, their scale advantage index is 1.67, 1.24 and 1.63, respectively, and the scale index of corn and potato is 0.40 and 0.30, respectively, which has no scale advantage. Wheat and rice are the main food crops in Anhui Province, and their efficiency advantage indexes are 1.16 and 1.00, respectively, and the corn efficiency index is 0.90, which is close to 1, which has certain efficiency advantages. However, the efficiency advantage index of beans and potatoes was 0.75 and 0.78, and the efficiency advantage index was low and had no efficiency advantage. The comprehensive dominance index of main grain crops in Anhui Province was 1.39, 1.11, 1.10, 0.60 and 0.49, respectively, indicating that wheat, rice and beans had comprehensive comparative advantages. However, corn and potato do not have comprehensive comparative advantage. Based on the analysis of the scale advantages, efficiency advantages and comprehensive advantages of the main grain crops in Anhui Province, the priority order of the production layout of the main grain crops in Anhui Province was clarified, and the expansion of the production of wheat, rice, corn and other dominant crops was put forward. Properly reduce the production of legumes and potato crops. According to the natural conditions of Anhui Province, we should vigorously develop the production of wheat and rice, establish the industrial layout of high quality wheat and rice, and improve its production level. Combined with the comprehensive comparative advantage index of grain crops in various regions, the following suggestions are put forward for the planting layout of grain crops in Anhui Province: Rice continues to be planted in the south of Huaihe River, and the cultivation of rice in the north of Huaihe River is reduced; Wheat can also be widely planted in Huaibei area, Liuan'an, Chuzhou, Ma'anshan and other areas, in addition, it can reduce the cultivation of wheat in Anqing, Chizhou and Huangshan, and change to crops with high comprehensive comparative advantage index. Corn is planted in the north of Huaihe River, and corn can also be planted in mountainous areas and some hilly areas, while legumes are mainly planted in the north of Huaihe River and Huangshan area. The comprehensive advantages of potato crops in various regions of Anhui Province are relatively strong, especially in Huangshan, Xuancheng and Suzhou. Potato can be widely planted in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui, Jianghuai hills and Jianghuai plain. In addition, it is necessary to popularize the green grain growth model and establish and improve the development mechanism of high grain yield, high quality and efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.11

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