發(fā)布時間：2019-02-26 20:18

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展和新型城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化的加速推進,大量的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口進入城市,農(nóng)村中“一戶多宅”“破線超標”“隱性流轉(zhuǎn)”“拆房圈地”等現(xiàn)象普遍存在,宅基地閑置浪費現(xiàn)象較為嚴重。與此同時,城市的發(fā)展對建設用地的需求不斷增加,城市化用地、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展用地出現(xiàn)嚴重緊缺現(xiàn)象。我國現(xiàn)行的宅基地制度已明顯滯后于當前我國經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展,土地資源的稀缺性要求建立農(nóng)村宅基地有償退出機制,有效利用農(nóng)村閑置宅基地。首先,本文對目前農(nóng)村宅基地相關(guān)理論和政策條文進行了梳理,對農(nóng)村宅基地相關(guān)研究進行了文獻綜述,對我國農(nóng)村宅基地制度的歷史變遷、現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題和矛盾進行了分析和總結(jié),認為在我國現(xiàn)行的農(nóng)村宅基地制度條件下,主要存在著三組矛盾:一是農(nóng)村人口減少與宅基地用地面積擴大的矛盾;二是宅基地限制流轉(zhuǎn)交易與隱性流轉(zhuǎn)普遍存在的矛盾;三是宅基地的非商品化與增加農(nóng)民的財產(chǎn)性收入的矛盾。其次,本文選取了巴中市恩陽區(qū)作為調(diào)研地點,并利用問卷調(diào)查的方式對農(nóng)民退出宅基地的意愿進行了調(diào)查研究,了解到影響農(nóng)民宅基地退出意愿的因素主要有:農(nóng)民的家庭收入水平、宅基地退出后的補償標準、農(nóng)民當前所從事的主要經(jīng)濟活動類型、農(nóng)民對養(yǎng)老等社會保障的顧慮等。同時,本文對重慶的“地票”模式、天津的“宅基地換房”模式、“嘉興模式”進行了分析與評價,并在此基礎上,嘗試著構(gòu)建起以宅基地退出補償機制為核心,以市場化交易機制、用益物權(quán)實現(xiàn)機制和增值收益分享機制相配套的農(nóng)村宅基地有償退出機制。最后,就宅基地有償退出機制的建立提出了幾點政策建議。一是要積極引導各利益主體參與其中,充分尊重農(nóng)民的意愿;二是要實行農(nóng)村宅基地有償使用制度,促進宅基地集約利用;三是要賦予宅基地完整的物權(quán),增加農(nóng)民的財產(chǎn)性收入;四是要建立農(nóng)村宅基地流轉(zhuǎn)交易市場,優(yōu)化配置農(nóng)村土地資源;五是要制定系統(tǒng)全面的宅基地法律法規(guī),規(guī)范宅基地利用管理;六是要規(guī)范宅基地退出程序,防范宅基地退出后的風險。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and society, the new urbanization, the acceleration of industrialization, a large number of agricultural transfer population into the city, The phenomena such as "one family and many houses", "breaking the line", "recessive circulation", "demolishing the house circle" and so on are widespread in the countryside, and the idle and waste phenomenon of the homestead is more serious. At the same time, the demand of the urban development to the construction land is increasing, the urbanization land, the economic development land appear the serious shortage phenomenon. China's current homestead system has obviously lagged behind the current economic and social development of our country. The scarcity of land resources requires the establishment of a paid withdrawal mechanism for rural homestead and the effective use of rural idle homestead. First of all, this paper combs the current rural homestead related theories and policy provisions, reviews the literature on rural homestead related research, and makes a historical change of the rural homestead system in China. The present situation, existing problems and contradictions are analyzed and summarized. It is concluded that there are mainly three groups of contradictions under the condition of the current rural homestead system in China: first, the contradiction between the reduction of rural population and the expansion of the land area of homestead; The second is the contradiction between the restricted circulation transaction and the hidden circulation, and the third is the contradiction between the non-commercialization of the homestead and the increase of peasants' property income. Secondly, this paper selects the Nyang District of Bazhong City as the research site, and uses the questionnaire to investigate the farmers' willingness to quit the homestead. It is found that the main factors affecting farmers' willingness to withdraw from their homestead are: the level of household income of farmers, the compensation standard after the withdrawal of homestead, the main types of economic activities that farmers are engaged in at present, and the peasants' concern about social security, such as the old-age and so on. At the same time, this paper analyzes and evaluates the "land ticket" mode of Chongqing, the "house exchange mode" and "Jiaxing mode" of Tianjin, and on this basis, tries to construct the compensation mechanism of homestead withdrawal as the core. Based on the market-oriented transaction mechanism, the realization mechanism of usufruct and the sharing mechanism of value-added income, the rural homestead withdrawal mechanism is paid. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on the establishment of the paid withdrawal mechanism of homestead. One is to actively guide all stakeholders to participate in it, fully respecting the wishes of farmers, second, to implement the system of paid use of rural homestead, to promote the intensive use of homestead; The third is to give the homestead a complete real right to increase the farmers' property income, fourth, to establish the rural homestead circulation transaction market, optimize the allocation of rural land resources; Fifth, it is necessary to formulate systematic and comprehensive homestead laws and regulations, to standardize the management of homestead utilization, and to standardize the procedures of homestead withdrawal to prevent the risk after homestead withdrawal.
【學位授予單位】：四川省社會科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.3

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