【摘要】：縱觀全球苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)貿(mào)易,我國(guó)在苜蓿進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易中處于較為嚴(yán)重的逆差態(tài)勢(shì),這與我國(guó)草地資源大國(guó)的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位存在著嚴(yán)重失衡。對(duì)于保障我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的“牧草之王”——苜蓿,我國(guó)如果依賴國(guó)際進(jìn)口,不實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)苜蓿的大量國(guó)產(chǎn)化,這必然會(huì)影響到我國(guó)未來(lái)的食物安全問(wèn)題。因此,對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)的區(qū)域化研究勢(shì)在必行。本文通過(guò)分析全球草畜產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,洞察我國(guó)苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)在國(guó)際中所處的弱勢(shì)地位。進(jìn)而通過(guò)運(yùn)用SWOT模型分析法對(duì)我國(guó)四大地區(qū)的苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)分別進(jìn)行了S(優(yōu)勢(shì))、W(劣勢(shì))、O(機(jī)遇)以及T(威脅)4大方面的探討。本文通過(guò)分析主要得出以下結(jié)論:1.我國(guó)苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中處于較為嚴(yán)重的逆差態(tài)勢(shì),遠(yuǎn)落后于國(guó)際苜蓿強(qiáng)國(guó)。以2013年為例,我國(guó)苜蓿草粉及顆粒貿(mào)易的總值如下:進(jìn)口3.89萬(wàn)t,出口0.72萬(wàn)t,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易呈現(xiàn)逆差態(tài)勢(shì),逆差值為3.17萬(wàn)t。據(jù)此可見我國(guó)的苜蓿缺口尤其是優(yōu)質(zhì)苜蓿的缺口仍要倚靠進(jìn)口苜蓿來(lái)填補(bǔ)。無(wú)獨(dú)有偶,在苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)的牛羊肉、牛奶產(chǎn)業(yè)方面,2013年的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易也是處于嚴(yán)重逆差態(tài)勢(shì),其中,牛肉進(jìn)口10.42萬(wàn)t,出口0.19萬(wàn)t,逆差值為10.23萬(wàn)t;羊肉進(jìn)口28.78萬(wàn)t,出口0.23萬(wàn)t,逆差值為28.55萬(wàn)t;牛奶進(jìn)口25.42萬(wàn)t,出口3.20萬(wàn)t,逆差值為22.22萬(wàn)t。上述數(shù)據(jù)充分說(shuō)明了我國(guó)當(dāng)前的苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際處境同我國(guó)草地資源大國(guó)的地位嚴(yán)重不相匹配,草地資源存在嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象,優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草依賴進(jìn)口的狀況必須得到扭轉(zhuǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草的自給自足并對(duì)外出口。因此,大力發(fā)展我國(guó)苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)、走草地農(nóng)業(yè)的大農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展之路已迫在眉睫。2.我國(guó)苜蓿的四大生產(chǎn)區(qū)域(西北、華北、東北以及南方地區(qū))中,西北和華北地區(qū)苜蓿種植面積占到全國(guó)絕大部分。以2014年為例,西北、華北地區(qū)約占全國(guó)種植總面積的91.35%,其中西北地區(qū)(66.43%),華北地區(qū)(24.92%);而東北地區(qū)及南方地區(qū)則僅約占全國(guó)種植總面積的8.65%,其中東北地區(qū)(4.94%),南方地區(qū)(3.70%)。3.綜合SWOT模型分析法制定了我國(guó)4大區(qū)域苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)策以及政策建議,具體如下:西北、華北主產(chǎn)區(qū)應(yīng)繼續(xù)發(fā)揮區(qū)域自然條件以及種植傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì),加大優(yōu)良苜蓿品種的研發(fā)推廣力度,引進(jìn)國(guó)外苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)先進(jìn)技術(shù),建立與美國(guó)相似的苜蓿質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系,彌補(bǔ)自身科技不足的劣勢(shì),積極構(gòu)建苜蓿生產(chǎn)企業(yè)聯(lián)盟,完善服務(wù)體系;東北產(chǎn)區(qū)應(yīng)當(dāng)加大苜蓿相關(guān)政策補(bǔ)貼力度以及耐寒苜蓿種的研發(fā)力度,減少“退草還糧”惡性循環(huán)的出現(xiàn);南方產(chǎn)區(qū)應(yīng)加大冬閑田利用率,充分發(fā)揮本區(qū)域的市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)優(yōu)勢(shì),加大高溫高濕難題的技術(shù)攻堅(jiān)力度。綜上,從而推動(dòng)苜蓿產(chǎn)業(yè)在我國(guó)的不斷壯大,進(jìn)而推進(jìn)我國(guó)草地農(nóng)業(yè)的大農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:According to the global alfalfa industry trade, China is in a serious deficit situation in the alfalfa import and export trade, which is seriously out of balance with the dominant position of the great country of grassland resources in China. For alfalfa, which is the king of forage, which guarantees the development of animal husbandry in China, if our country relies on international imports and does not realize a large number of high quality alfalfa production, this will inevitably affect the food safety in the future of our country. Therefore, it is imperative to study the regionalization of alfalfa industry in China. Based on the analysis of global trade in grass and livestock products, this paper explores the weak position of China's alfalfa industry in the world. Then, by using SWOT model analysis, the paper discusses four aspects of alfalfa industry in four regions of China: s (advantage), W (inferior), O (opportunity) and T (threat). The main conclusions are as follows: 1. China's alfalfa industry is in a serious deficit situation in international trade and lags far behind the international alfalfa powers. Taking 2013 as an example, the total value of China's alfalfa meal and grain trade is as follows: import 38900 t, export 7200 t, import and export trade deficit trend, deficit value 31700 t. Therefore, the gap of alfalfa in China, especially in high quality alfalfa, still depends on imported alfalfa. Similarly, the import and export trade of alfalfa industry related to beef, mutton and milk industry in 2013 is also in a serious deficit situation. Among them, beef import 104200 t, export 1900 t, deficit value is 102300 t; The import of mutton was 287800 t, the export was 2300 t, the deficit was 285500 t, and the import of milk was 254200 t, the export was 32000 t, the deficit was 222200 t. The above data show that the current international situation of China's alfalfa industry does not match seriously with the status of the great country of grassland resources in China, there is a serious waste of grassland resources, and the situation of high quality forage depends on imports must be reversed. Self-sufficiency and export of high-quality forage. Therefore, it is urgent to develop alfalfa industry in China and take the road of grassland agriculture. Of the four major production areas of alfalfa in China (Northwest, North, Northeast and South), the area of alfalfa cultivation in Northwest and North China accounts for most of the whole country. Taking 2014 as an example, North China accounted for 91.35% of the total planting area in China, including the Northwest region (66.43%) and North China region (24.92%). The northeast and southern regions only account for 8.65% of the total planting area in China, including northeast region (4.94%) and southern region (3.70%). Based on the SWOT model analysis, the development strategies and policy suggestions of the four major regions of China for alfalfa industry development have been formulated, as follows: in Northwest China, the main production areas of North China should continue to give play to the natural conditions of the region and the traditional advantages of planting. We should increase the R & D and popularization of good alfalfa varieties, introduce the advanced technology of foreign alfalfa industry, set up the similar alfalfa quality standard system with the United States, make up the disadvantages of their own scientific and technological deficiency, and actively build up the alliance of alfalfa production enterprises. Perfect service system; The northeast producing areas should increase the subsidy of alfalfa related policies and the research and development of alfalfa varieties in order to reduce the vicious circle of "returning grass to grain"; The southern producing area should increase the utilization rate of winter idle field, give full play to the market driving advantage of this region, and increase the technical difficulty of high temperature and high humidity. To sum up, the alfalfa industry is growing rapidly in our country, and the development process of grassland agriculture in China is further promoted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.3;F324.6

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