【摘要】：國家近年來出臺(tái)的“中央一號(hào)”文件都聚焦“三農(nóng)”問題,著力解決農(nóng)民收入、農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程和美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)問題,我國當(dāng)前正處于農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵階段,農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力的提高和農(nóng)村社會(huì)發(fā)展的進(jìn)步都離不開高素質(zhì)的農(nóng)民,特別是先進(jìn)的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)、高效率的農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施裝備、現(xiàn)代化的經(jīng)營管理理念能否在農(nóng)村廣泛的被應(yīng)用,取決于農(nóng)民綜合素質(zhì)的高低,因此,開展農(nóng)民培訓(xùn),培養(yǎng)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民,能有效解決“誰來種地”的問題,保障糧食安全,了解農(nóng)民對(duì)技術(shù)、經(jīng)營管理的需求。滿足農(nóng)民需求的農(nóng)民培訓(xùn),是促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力提高、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體發(fā)展、農(nóng)村社會(huì)治理的重要舉措,有利于盡早建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。本文以通化市為例,運(yùn)用人力資本理論、理性選擇理論、公共產(chǎn)品理論以及公共產(chǎn)品供需均衡等理論,并進(jìn)行實(shí)際調(diào)研,采用理論分析和實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,系統(tǒng)地梳理了通化市農(nóng)民的培訓(xùn)現(xiàn)狀、培訓(xùn)問題及具體特征,深入細(xì)致地分析通化市農(nóng)民的培訓(xùn)供需狀況及其影響因素。通過調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn),通化市農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)存在總體培訓(xùn)的供給不夠;供給的主體類型和數(shù)量較少,供給不連續(xù)、不協(xié)調(diào);培訓(xùn)的支持資金供給不夠;鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)專業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)工作人員短缺;培訓(xùn)供給的形式與農(nóng)民的實(shí)際需求有所偏差等諸多問題。影響通化市農(nóng)民參加培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)的因素主要有:農(nóng)民的性別、年齡、參加培訓(xùn)情況、培訓(xùn)對(duì)增加競爭力和收入的幫助程度、家庭人口數(shù)、家庭勞動(dòng)力人數(shù)、家庭年收入、培訓(xùn)時(shí)間、培訓(xùn)地點(diǎn)等要素,這些變量對(duì)參與培訓(xùn)意愿的影響不盡相同。本文根據(jù)理論研究及實(shí)證分析的結(jié)論,具有針對(duì)性的提出了相關(guān)的政策和建議:應(yīng)當(dāng)加大對(duì)農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)的資金支持力度,出臺(tái)相應(yīng)的鼓勵(lì)政策,加大對(duì)政策的宣傳力度;增加財(cái)政方面的資金投入,形成并完善穩(wěn)定的長效機(jī)制,鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)各界及個(gè)人對(duì)農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)教育方面投入資本;進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)多方支持的農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)機(jī)制,努力實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民免費(fèi)職業(yè)教育培訓(xùn),以突顯出農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)的公益性。制定農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)的相應(yīng)考核制度,擴(kuò)散農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)工作的積極作用和社會(huì)影響力。合理設(shè)置農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容和方式;強(qiáng)化基層鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)服務(wù)體系和農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系的服務(wù)能力;擴(kuò)充農(nóng)民培訓(xùn)師資力量;加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)訓(xùn)基地建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:The "Central Committee No. 1" document issued by the state in recent years has focused on the issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", and has focused on solving the problems of farmers' income, the development of the rural collective economy, the process of agricultural modernization and the construction of beautiful villages. At present, our country is in the key stage of agricultural modernization construction. The improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity and the progress of rural social development can not be separated from high-quality farmers, especially advanced agricultural science and technology, and highly efficient agricultural facilities. Whether the modern management and management idea can be widely applied in rural areas depends on the comprehensive quality of farmers. Therefore, to develop farmer training and train new professional farmers can effectively solve the problem of "who will farm land" and ensure food security. Understand farmers' demand for technology, management and management. The training of farmers to meet the needs of farmers is an important measure to promote the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity, the development of new agricultural management subjects and the governance of rural society, which is conducive to the realization of the goal of building a well-off society as soon as possible. This paper takes Tonghua City as an example, applies human capital theory, rational choice theory, public goods theory and public goods supply and demand equilibrium theory, and carries on the actual investigation, uses the research method which the theory analysis and the empirical analysis unifies. This paper systematically combs the training status, training problems and specific characteristics of farmers in Tonghua City, and analyzes the training supply and demand situation of farmers in Tonghua City and its influencing factors. Through investigation and research, it is found that the supply of training for farmers in Tonghua City is not enough, the main types and quantity of supply are less, the supply is not continuous, and the supply of training support funds is not enough. There are many problems, such as shortage of specialized agricultural technical staff in villages and towns, deviation between the form of training supply and the actual demand of farmers, etc. The main factors that affect farmers' participation in training and learning are: farmers' gender, age, participation in training, the degree of help of training to increase competitiveness and income, the number of family population, the number of family labor force, the annual income of families. Factors such as training time, training place and so on, these variables have different influence on training intention. According to the conclusions of theoretical research and empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some relevant policies and suggestions: we should increase the financial support for farmers' education and training, introduce the corresponding incentive policies, and increase the publicity of the policies; Increase financial investment, form and improve a stable long-term mechanism, and encourage all sectors of society and individuals to invest capital in farmer training and education; We should further promote the mechanism of peasant education and training supported by many parties, and strive to realize free vocational education and training for farmers, so as to highlight the commonweal nature of farmers' education and training. To establish the corresponding assessment system of peasant education and training, to spread the positive role and social influence of peasant education and training. Reasonably set up the time, place, content and method of farmers' training; strengthen the service ability of the agricultural technical service system and the agricultural technology extension system in the grass-roots villages and towns; expand the training teachers of farmers; and strengthen the construction of agricultural training base.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6

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