【摘要】：干旱區(qū)城市是干旱區(qū)人類活動(dòng)最為集中、人地關(guān)系最敏感的區(qū)域。截止到2011年,干旱區(qū)城市化率達(dá)到43.5%,處于城市化中期階段。隨該區(qū)域城市人口不斷增加,城市用地不斷外延的同時(shí),對(duì)城市土壤質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生脅迫作用。本文選取烏魯木齊市和克拉瑪依市為研究對(duì)象,采集45個(gè)烏魯木齊城市表層土樣和56個(gè)克拉瑪依市城市表層土樣,采用磁測(cè)方法測(cè)得相關(guān)磁性參數(shù)以及干篩法測(cè)得土壤顆粒大小含量,燒失法和比色法分別測(cè)得有機(jī)質(zhì)(SOM)含量和速效養(yǎng)分(銨態(tài)氮(AN)、速效鉀(AK)和速效磷(AP))含量。分析了土壤在不同用地類型下土壤磁性特征、土壤磁性在不同土壤顆粒上的分布特征及其土壤磁性與養(yǎng)分和土壤粒度的關(guān)系,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)不同用地類型的土壤磁性特征及環(huán)境意義不同土地利用類型χlf(低頻質(zhì)量磁化率)均值大小關(guān)系為:交通運(yùn)輸用地商業(yè)用地林地公共設(shè)施用地未建設(shè)用地居住用地,其中交通運(yùn)輸用地和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施出現(xiàn)了較高值。不同用地類型的土壤磁性特征分析發(fā)現(xiàn),均以低矯頑力的亞鐵磁性礦物含量為主,含有少量的反鐵磁性礦物。土壤磁性礦物的粒度分析發(fā)現(xiàn),各用地類型的表層土壤以多疇(MD)磁性礦物粒度為主,含有少量的單疇(SP)和穩(wěn)定單疇(SSD)顆粒磁性礦物。(2)不同粒徑土壤的磁性分布特征在同一用地類型中,磁性參數(shù)低頻質(zhì)量磁化率(χlf)、飽和等溫剩磁(SIRM)和軟剩磁(SoftIRM)的含量基本隨粒徑的減小而呈逐漸增大的趨勢(shì),硬剩磁(HIRM)含量的這一規(guī)律,僅在未建設(shè)用地上表現(xiàn)良好;頻率磁化率(χfd)的值隨基本隨粒徑的減小而呈減少的趨勢(shì)。在同一粒徑中,建設(shè)用地的χlf、SIRM和SoftIRM的含量數(shù)大小均高于農(nóng)用地、未建設(shè)用地;而χfd反之。(3)土壤磁性與養(yǎng)分的關(guān)系土壤磁性與養(yǎng)分的關(guān)系研究發(fā)現(xiàn):土壤磁性與養(yǎng)分的關(guān)系來(lái)看,總體呈土壤χlf與AK呈正相關(guān),交通用地中和未建設(shè)用地中的AK與χlf、(SIRM)及“軟”SoftIRM具有正相關(guān)性,反映了亞鐵礦物與速效鉀所賦存的礦物具有一定的成生關(guān)系�？死斠揽傮w土樣χfd與SOM呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中林地和未建設(shè)用地呈顯著正相關(guān)性,可以考慮用χfd做SOM的代用指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The cities in arid areas are the most concentrated and sensitive regions. Up to 2011, the urbanization rate in arid area reached 43.5%, which was in the middle stage of urbanization. With the increasing of urban population and the extension of urban land, the urban soil quality is under stress at the same time. This paper selects Urumqi and Karamay as research objects, and collects 45 surface soil samples from Urumqi city and 56 surface soil samples from Karamay city. The relevant magnetic parameters were measured by magnetic method and the particle size of soil was measured by dry sieve method. (SOM) content of organic matter and available nutrients (ammonium nitrogen (AN),) were measured by burning loss method and colorimetric method, respectively. Available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP) content. The magnetic characteristics of soil under different land types, the distribution characteristics of soil magnetism on different soil particles and the relationship between soil magnetism and nutrient and soil particle size were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) soil magnetic characteristics and environmental significance of different land use types 蠂 lf (low frequency mass magnetization) mean value relationship is as follows: traffic and transportation land, commercial land, forest land, public facilities. Land for residential use without construction, Among them transportation land and public service facilities appeared higher value. According to the analysis of soil magnetic characteristics of different land types, it was found that the content of low coercivity ferromagnetic minerals was dominant, and a small amount of antiferromagnetic minerals were found. The particle size analysis of soil magnetic minerals shows that the surface soil of each land type is dominated by multi-domain (MD) magnetic mineral granularity. There are a few single domain (SP) and stable single domain (SSD) particles magnetic minerals. (2) the magnetic distribution characteristics of soils with different particle sizes are in the same land type, and the magnetic parameters are low frequency mass susceptibility (蠂 lf),). The content of saturation isothermal remanent magnetic (SIRM) and soft residual magnetic (SoftIRM) gradually increased with the decrease of particle size. The rule of hard remanent magnetic (HIRM) content was only good on the unconstructed land. The frequency susceptibility (蠂 fd) decreased with the decrease of particle size. In the same particle size, the content of 蠂 lf,SIRM and SoftIRM in the construction land was higher than that in the agricultural land, but not in the construction land. But 蠂 fd was opposite. (3) the relationship between soil magnetism and nutrients was found to be positive correlation between soil 蠂 lf and AK, AK and 蠂 lf, in traffic land and non-construction land. (SIRM) and "soft" SoftIRM have positive correlation, which indicates that ferrous minerals have a certain relationship with the minerals of available potassium. There was a positive correlation between 蠂 fd and SOM in the total soil samples of Karamay, and there was a significant positive correlation between woodland and unconstructed land. 蠂 fd could be considered as the substitute index of SOM.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2

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