【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),農(nóng)業(yè)為人們提供基本生活資料,為工業(yè)提供原料,為其他部門提供勞動(dòng)力和市場(chǎng),農(nóng)業(yè)是對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展具有承載作用的產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)地位和作用決定了發(fā)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的首要任務(wù)是解決農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題,農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題一直受到我國(guó)政府的高度重視,通過(guò)中央政府制定政策、提供物質(zhì)保障支持農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,地方政府給予積極的配合和落實(shí),我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展取得了巨大成就。但是,我國(guó)農(nóng)村仍然存在農(nóng)民人口多、生產(chǎn)率低和農(nóng)民生活水平有待提高等“頑疾”。近年來(lái)隨著農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力的增大,以及城鄉(xiāng)一體化的推進(jìn),農(nóng)業(yè)又面臨著結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出、供求關(guān)系變化和缺乏優(yōu)質(zhì)、綠色的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等新問(wèn)題,解決農(nóng)業(yè)問(wèn)題的必經(jīng)之路就是實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。農(nóng)業(yè)的天然弱質(zhì)性決定了政府扶持農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的必要性,政府的適當(dāng)扶持能促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)存在的問(wèn)題反映出了地方政府在農(nóng)業(yè)管理理念和管理水平方面還很落后,地方政府存在職能范圍過(guò)寬、管理方式行政化和層級(jí)、部門關(guān)系模糊等問(wèn)題,這些職能問(wèn)題不利于實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)政府職能都做了充分的理論研究,而如何把這些理論切實(shí)的運(yùn)用到實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化中,成了地方政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵。隨著“十三五”規(guī)劃的實(shí)施,農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革成為農(nóng)業(yè)改革的重點(diǎn),經(jīng)過(guò)多年的發(fā)展,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)已形成良好的生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ),中央和各級(jí)地方政府在推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方面也積累了一定經(jīng)驗(yàn),這為我國(guó)今后實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化提供了基礎(chǔ)性保障。在此情形下,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)政府在推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展方面的職能轉(zhuǎn)變成為重要的研究課題,因此本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法,通過(guò)搜集、鑒別、整理文獻(xiàn),形成了對(duì)地方政府職能和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí),并整理歸納了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的成績(jī)和制約因素以及政府推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的成績(jī)和問(wèn)題,分析了地方政府在推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化效果不佳的原因;運(yùn)用比較研究法,通過(guò)對(duì)比國(guó)外政府實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的不同途徑,總結(jié)出值得我國(guó)借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn);在規(guī)范分析法中,建立了地方政府應(yīng)該是服務(wù)型政府的價(jià)值判斷,明確了我國(guó)地方政府在管理農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村中應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)揮積極推動(dòng)作用的職能,最終形成了我國(guó)地方政府推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化中的思路轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)瓌t。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出地方政府應(yīng)通過(guò)重構(gòu)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村全面發(fā)展政策體系,為農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化投入足夠資源要素,推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)市場(chǎng)化、組織化和質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,打造新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)管理、推進(jìn)農(nóng)民市民化、加快農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和利用等措施推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。
[Abstract]:For a long time, agriculture has provided people with basic means of livelihood, raw materials for industry, labor force and market for other departments. Agriculture is an industry with bearing effect on national economy and social development. The basic position and role of agriculture determine that the primary task of developing the national economy is to solve the agricultural problems. The agricultural problems have always been attached great importance by the Chinese government. Through the central government to formulate policies to provide material security to support the development of agriculture. The local government gives the positive cooperation and the implementation, our country agriculture development has obtained the huge achievement. However, there are still many problems in rural areas, such as large population, low productivity and the improvement of farmers' living standards. In recent years, with the increasing pressure of international competition in agriculture and the promotion of urban-rural integration, agriculture is faced with new problems such as prominent structural contradictions, changes in supply and demand, lack of quality and green agricultural products, etc. The only way to solve agricultural problems is to realize agricultural modernization. The natural weakness of agriculture determines the necessity of government support for agricultural production, and the appropriate government support can promote the development of agricultural modernization. The problems existing in agriculture in our country reflect that the local governments are still lagging behind in the concept and level of agricultural management. The local governments have such problems as the scope of their functions is too wide, the administrative mode of management is administrative and hierarchical, and the relationship between departments is vague, and so on. These functions are not conducive to agricultural modernization. Scholars at home and abroad have made a full theoretical study of government functions, and how to effectively apply these theories to the realization of agricultural modernization has become the key to the transformation of local government functions. With the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, agricultural supply-side structural reform has become the focus of agricultural reform. After years of development, China's agriculture has formed a good basis for production. The central government and local governments at all levels have also accumulated some experience in promoting agricultural development, which provides a basic guarantee for the realization of agricultural modernization in China in the future. In this case, how to realize the function of the government in promoting the development of agricultural modernization has become an important research topic. It forms a scientific understanding of the functions of local governments and agricultural modernization, and summarizes the achievements and constraints of agricultural development in China, as well as the achievements and problems of the government in promoting the development of agricultural modernization. The reason why the local government is not effective in promoting agricultural modernization is analyzed. By comparing the different ways for foreign governments to realize the development of agricultural modernization, the author sums up the experience that our country can use for reference by using the method of comparative research. In the normative analysis method, the value judgment that the local government should be a service-oriented government is established, and the function that the local government should play an active role in promoting the management of the agricultural countryside is clarified. Finally, the local government in China to promote the transformation of thinking principles in agricultural modernization. On this basis, this paper puts forward that the local government should put enough resources into agricultural modernization, promote agricultural marketization, organization and quality standardization, and create a new type of rural social management by reconstructing the policy system of agricultural rural comprehensive development. Promote farmer citizen, accelerate agricultural science and technology innovation and utilization and other measures to promote agricultural modernization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323;D422.6

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