【摘要】：紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是全球栽培最廣的優(yōu)良豆科牧草,產(chǎn)草量高,營養(yǎng)價值好,改土肥田效果顯著,在發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)和改善環(huán)境方面發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。甘肅省作為國內(nèi)苜蓿種植面積最大的省份,在農(nóng)業(yè)市場經(jīng)濟體制不斷完善的現(xiàn)階段,有效提高甘肅省苜蓿企業(yè)的競爭力,對中國草產(chǎn)業(yè)及畜牧業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文以甘肅省具有代表性的40家苜蓿企業(yè)為研究對象,通過現(xiàn)場考察、問卷調(diào)查和相關(guān)資料收集,構(gòu)建了以苜蓿企業(yè)盈利、生產(chǎn)、創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)品及人力等五個競爭力為維度構(gòu)成的企業(yè)競爭力分析模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)指標選取原則,建立了由17個指標構(gòu)成的苜蓿企業(yè)競爭力評價指標體系,并運用回歸分析與因子分析法進行評價�；诖硕ㄐ院投績煞N分析途徑,詳細探討了甘肅省苜蓿企業(yè)競爭力的現(xiàn)狀格局、內(nèi)部關(guān)系及決定因素,并對甘肅省苜蓿企業(yè)的未來發(fā)展提出了建議。所獲主要結(jié)果如下:1、調(diào)查的苜蓿企業(yè)絕大多數(shù)為近十年成立的中小民營企業(yè)。在經(jīng)營方式上以苜蓿單一種植為主,另有少量企業(yè)為種植苜蓿與飼養(yǎng)家畜相結(jié)合。目前已形成河西、隴中及隴東三大苜蓿優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)。40個樣本中,旱作生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)有19家,灌溉生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)有21家。2、在盈利競爭力方面,整體盈利水平不高,有近13%的企業(yè)沒有盈利�！罢衽d奶業(yè)苜蓿發(fā)展行動計劃”專項資金補貼已成為甘肅苜蓿企業(yè)發(fā)展的主要動力之一。在生產(chǎn)競爭力方面,旱作和灌溉條件下的苜蓿干草平均單產(chǎn)分別為10.72t/hm2和14.95t/hm2,干草粗蛋白質(zhì)含量平均13.3%和18.0%,平均收益11051.95元/hm2和29848.31元/hm2,灌溉條件的企業(yè)具有明顯的生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢,其干草平均單產(chǎn)比旱作條件下高4.23t/hm2,平均蛋白質(zhì)含量高4.7%,平均收益高18796.36元/hm2。但總體草產(chǎn)品類型單一,多數(shù)企業(yè)以生產(chǎn)出售初級草捆為主,生產(chǎn)高檔草捆草塊的企業(yè)僅占調(diào)查企業(yè)總數(shù)的15%,不到18%的企業(yè)擁有自主品牌。在創(chuàng)新競爭力方面,企業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新意識淡薄,85%的樣本知識密集度在10%以下。在產(chǎn)品競爭力方面,90%的企業(yè)國內(nèi)市場占有率僅在0.5%以下。在人力競爭力方面,多數(shù)企業(yè)員工高中以上學歷普及率超過了62%,但有超過67%的企業(yè)科技專業(yè)人才占比僅在10%以下。3、根據(jù)已構(gòu)建的苜蓿企業(yè)競爭力定量評價指標體系,探討了總收入變量與影響其大小的間接因素之間的回歸關(guān)系,得出苜蓿干草粗蛋白含量對總收入貢獻最大,其次是企業(yè)擁有的科技專業(yè)人才數(shù),再次是企業(yè)的科研投入,最后是企業(yè)的員工數(shù)。企業(yè)的年齡與總收入之間關(guān)系不顯著。4、構(gòu)建了苜蓿企業(yè)競爭力評價模型,企業(yè)在盈利、生產(chǎn)、創(chuàng)新、產(chǎn)品及人力五個方面的競爭力均直接影響企業(yè)整體競爭力。并據(jù)此得出了甘肅省最具競爭力的前十家苜蓿企業(yè),分別是甘肅亞盛田園牧歌草業(yè)集團有限責任公司、玉門豐花草業(yè)(黃花國營農(nóng)場)、國營農(nóng)墾八一農(nóng)場、昌永合作社、民生牧草有限公司、玉門油田農(nóng)牧公司、楊柳青飼料有限公司、金昌賽良飼草公司、高臺種業(yè)、酒泉大業(yè)種業(yè)公司。5、苜蓿企業(yè)在不同發(fā)展階段應(yīng)根據(jù)自身條件適當引入成本領(lǐng)先、差異化及市場專一化三種競爭發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。經(jīng)營方式應(yīng)分區(qū)發(fā)展,改善企業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平進而提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,樹立地域品牌營銷模式進而擴大市場占有率,加強科技創(chuàng)新和人才管理不斷提升整體競爭力。
[Abstract]:Medicago sativa is one of the most widely cultivated leguminous grass in the world, with high yield, good nutritional value and remarkable improvement of soil and fertilizer field, and plays an increasingly important role in the development of animal husbandry production and the improvement of the environment. As a province with the largest planting area in China, Gansu Province, in the current stage of the continuous improvement of the agricultural market economic system, can effectively improve the competitiveness of the enterprises in the Gansu province, which is of great significance to the sustainable and healthy development of the Chinese grass industry and the animal husbandry. This paper, based on the representative 40 multinational enterprises in Gansu Province as the research object, through the field investigation, the questionnaire and the relevant data collection, constructs the enterprise competitiveness analysis model, which is made up of five competitive factors such as profit, production, innovation, product and human power of the enterprise. On this basis, according to the principle of index selection, the evaluation index system of the competitiveness of the multinational enterprise, which is composed of 17 indexes, is established, and the regression analysis and the factor analysis method are used for the evaluation. Based on this qualitative and quantitative analysis approach, the present situation, the internal relations and the determinants of the competitive power of the enterprises in the Gansu province are discussed in detail, and the suggestions for future development of the enterprises in the province of Gansu are put forward. The main results are as follows: 1. The majority of the investigated multinational enterprises are small and medium-sized private enterprises established in the last ten years. In the mode of operation, a small number of enterprises are combined with the raising of domestic animals. in 40 samples, there are 19 enterprises in dry-land production, and 21 for irrigation and production. 2. In terms of profit competitiveness, the overall profit level is not high, and nearly 13% of the enterprises are not profitable. The special-鈥淧lan of Action for Promoting the Development of the Dairy Industry鈥，

本文編號：2391673