和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間格局及演變研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-22 11:42
【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中,鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間演變加劇,鄉(xiāng)村聚落整理、重構(gòu)勢(shì)在必行。干旱區(qū)流域尺度下聚落發(fā)展演變具有獨(dú)立和完整的規(guī)律性特征,在綠洲城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中不斷呈現(xiàn)新的特點(diǎn)。本文以新疆和墨洛綠洲為例,采用核密度估計(jì)、最鄰近指數(shù)分析、緩沖區(qū)分析等GIS空間分析方法,對(duì)和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落的空間演變特征、現(xiàn)狀特征與影響因素開展了探索分析。研究得出的主要結(jié)論有:(1)和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間格局表現(xiàn)出由中心向外圍不斷擴(kuò)展趨勢(shì),具有明顯的區(qū)域差異。2000年以前,以喀拉喀什鎮(zhèn)為中心“單核”增長(zhǎng)強(qiáng)化;2000—2010年,以喀拉喀什鎮(zhèn)為核心區(qū)域聚落密度逐漸減小,以巴格其鎮(zhèn)、肖爾巴格鄉(xiāng)為核心區(qū)域密度逐漸增大;2010—2014年,“雙核”聚落密度同時(shí)不斷增大,聚落高密度分布范圍自中心向外圍明顯擴(kuò)大。(2)和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間分布高度集中。大多縣域范圍以及河流沿岸鄉(xiāng)村聚落均表現(xiàn)為集聚分布模式,而以和田市為代表的綠洲內(nèi)部腹地鄉(xiāng)村聚落表現(xiàn)出一定的隨機(jī)分布模式。(3)和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間形態(tài)表現(xiàn)出散漫村與集聚村兩種形式。大多數(shù)聚落以集聚村形式分布于綠洲核心區(qū)域,沿河、沿路帶狀分布。依據(jù)聚落位置及密度、形態(tài)差異,劃分為低山河谷帶低密度條帶狀、沙漠腹地沿河低密度條帶狀、綠洲內(nèi)部沿渠高密度條帶狀、綠洲內(nèi)部沿路高密度條帶狀分布模式。(4)和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落表現(xiàn)出明顯的空間分異規(guī)律。綠洲西部聚落密度明顯高于東部,自西向東聚落規(guī)模逐漸變小;自綠洲中心向外圍聚落密度逐漸下降,表現(xiàn)出一定的中心地分布特征;綠洲不同位置聚落密度表現(xiàn)出明顯的區(qū)域差異。(5)和墨洛綠洲鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間格局的形成受到綠洲自然地理?xiàng)l件、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展因素與社會(huì)文化因素的共同制約。自然地理環(huán)境是鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間分布格局形成的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)與主導(dǎo)因素,其中水資源是制約鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間布局最根本的因素。國(guó)道與縣鄉(xiāng)公路空間布局對(duì)聚落空間格局影響較大,是鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間格局形成與發(fā)展的外部因素。綠洲農(nóng)耕文化傳統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的婚姻、生育觀念對(duì)聚落空間格局影響較大,是鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間格局形成與演變的內(nèi)部動(dòng)因。(6)針對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村聚落空間格局現(xiàn)狀特征及主要演變規(guī)律,從產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)和村鎮(zhèn)管理方面提出了優(yōu)化聚落空間格局的對(duì)策建議。積極引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型,發(fā)展高效農(nóng)業(yè),強(qiáng)化二三產(chǎn)業(yè);加強(qiáng)小城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè),促進(jìn)就地城鎮(zhèn)化;加強(qiáng)村鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃,提高土地資源、水資源開發(fā)管理利用水平,促進(jìn)聚落人地關(guān)系和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization, the spatial evolution of rural settlements intensifies, so it is imperative to organize and reconstruct rural settlements. The evolution of settlement in arid area is characterized by independent and complete regularity, and it has new characteristics in the process of oasis urbanization. Taking Xinjiang and Muruo oasis as examples, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis methods such as nuclear density estimation, nearest neighbor index analysis and buffer zone analysis to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Heluo Oasis. The characteristics of the present situation and the influencing factors are explored and analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis shows a trend of continuous expansion from the center to the periphery, with obvious regional differences. Before 2000, the "single core" growth of Karakash Town was strengthened; From 2000 to 2010, the density of settlements in Karakash town as the core area decreased gradually, and gradually increased in Bagchi Town and Shauerbuge Township as the core area. From 2010 to 2014, the density of "binuclear" settlements increased, and the distribution range of high density of settlements increased obviously from the center to the periphery. (2) the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis was highly concentrated. Most of the counties and rural settlements along the river coast all show the pattern of agglomeration and distribution. However, the rural settlements in the interior of the oasis, represented by Hotan City, showed a certain random distribution pattern. (3) the spatial form of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis showed two forms: scattered village and agglomeration village. Most of the settlements are distributed in the core of oasis in the form of agglomeration villages, along the river and along the road. According to the settlement location and density and morphological difference, it is divided into low density strip in low mountain valley zone, low density strip in desert hinterland along river, and high density strip in oasis along canal. The distribution pattern of high density strip along the oasis. (4) the rural settlements of Muruo oasis show obvious spatial differentiation law. The settlement density in the west of the oasis is obviously higher than that in the east, and the settlement scale becomes smaller from the west to the east, and the settlement density decreases gradually from the center of the oasis to the periphery, showing a certain central distribution characteristic. (5) the formation of rural settlement spatial pattern in Muruo oasis is restricted by the natural geographical conditions of oasis, economic development factors and social and cultural factors. The natural geographical environment is the environmental basis and leading factor for the formation of the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements, among which water resources are the most fundamental factors restricting the spatial distribution of rural settlements. The spatial layout of national highway and county highway has a great influence on the settlement spatial pattern, which is the external factor for the formation and development of the rural settlement spatial pattern. The traditional and traditional marriage of farming culture in oasis, the conception of fertility has a great influence on the spatial pattern of settlement, which is the internal cause of the formation and evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlement. (6) aiming at the characteristics of the present situation and the main law of evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlement. From the aspects of industrial development, urban construction and village and town management, the countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the spatial pattern of settlement are put forward. Actively guide the industrial transformation, develop high-efficiency agriculture, strengthen the secondary and tertiary industries, strengthen the construction of small towns, promote local urbanization; Strengthen the planning of villages and towns, improve the level of land resources, water resources development, management and utilization, and promote the harmonious development of the relationship between people and land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F327
本文編號(hào)：2349262
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization, the spatial evolution of rural settlements intensifies, so it is imperative to organize and reconstruct rural settlements. The evolution of settlement in arid area is characterized by independent and complete regularity, and it has new characteristics in the process of oasis urbanization. Taking Xinjiang and Muruo oasis as examples, this paper uses GIS spatial analysis methods such as nuclear density estimation, nearest neighbor index analysis and buffer zone analysis to analyze the spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Heluo Oasis. The characteristics of the present situation and the influencing factors are explored and analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis shows a trend of continuous expansion from the center to the periphery, with obvious regional differences. Before 2000, the "single core" growth of Karakash Town was strengthened; From 2000 to 2010, the density of settlements in Karakash town as the core area decreased gradually, and gradually increased in Bagchi Town and Shauerbuge Township as the core area. From 2010 to 2014, the density of "binuclear" settlements increased, and the distribution range of high density of settlements increased obviously from the center to the periphery. (2) the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis was highly concentrated. Most of the counties and rural settlements along the river coast all show the pattern of agglomeration and distribution. However, the rural settlements in the interior of the oasis, represented by Hotan City, showed a certain random distribution pattern. (3) the spatial form of rural settlements in Muruo Oasis showed two forms: scattered village and agglomeration village. Most of the settlements are distributed in the core of oasis in the form of agglomeration villages, along the river and along the road. According to the settlement location and density and morphological difference, it is divided into low density strip in low mountain valley zone, low density strip in desert hinterland along river, and high density strip in oasis along canal. The distribution pattern of high density strip along the oasis. (4) the rural settlements of Muruo oasis show obvious spatial differentiation law. The settlement density in the west of the oasis is obviously higher than that in the east, and the settlement scale becomes smaller from the west to the east, and the settlement density decreases gradually from the center of the oasis to the periphery, showing a certain central distribution characteristic. (5) the formation of rural settlement spatial pattern in Muruo oasis is restricted by the natural geographical conditions of oasis, economic development factors and social and cultural factors. The natural geographical environment is the environmental basis and leading factor for the formation of the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements, among which water resources are the most fundamental factors restricting the spatial distribution of rural settlements. The spatial layout of national highway and county highway has a great influence on the settlement spatial pattern, which is the external factor for the formation and development of the rural settlement spatial pattern. The traditional and traditional marriage of farming culture in oasis, the conception of fertility has a great influence on the spatial pattern of settlement, which is the internal cause of the formation and evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlement. (6) aiming at the characteristics of the present situation and the main law of evolution of the spatial pattern of rural settlement. From the aspects of industrial development, urban construction and village and town management, the countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the spatial pattern of settlement are put forward. Actively guide the industrial transformation, develop high-efficiency agriculture, strengthen the secondary and tertiary industries, strengthen the construction of small towns, promote local urbanization; Strengthen the planning of villages and towns, improve the level of land resources, water resources development, management and utilization, and promote the harmonious development of the relationship between people and land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F327
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