【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。自80年代我國農(nóng)村實(shí)行家庭承包責(zé)任制以來,小規(guī)模的家庭經(jīng)營成為了農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營的最主要方式。家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制,極大地促進(jìn)了我國農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)力的解放和發(fā)展。然而,隨著工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展以及現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)的快速推進(jìn),農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營面臨著一些新問題,“誰來種、怎么種、種什么”等問題突出。解決這些問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變,必須轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系,構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系。上海農(nóng)業(yè)在上海城區(qū)和上海郊區(qū)的發(fā)展過程中始終扮演著不可或缺的作用。如提供高質(zhì)量的糧食和蔬菜,提供鮮活副食品,平衡生態(tài)環(huán)境,發(fā)揮社會(huì)文化作用,以及為上海市的發(fā)展儲(chǔ)備空間等功能。這些功能的發(fā)揮都有賴于上海市農(nóng)業(yè)競爭力的提升,有賴于上海農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變。實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的轉(zhuǎn)變,需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體制機(jī)制,大力培育多元化的新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,加快發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)。因此,加快構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系已是當(dāng)前上海實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的首要任務(wù)。在本文的第二章,筆者梳理了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的研究成果和學(xué)者們的觀點(diǎn),并在此基礎(chǔ)上對新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系的內(nèi)涵、特征以及研究的切入點(diǎn)提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。隨后,筆者詳細(xì)介紹了發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體和地區(qū)構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)也介紹了與我國農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境更加相似的一些發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這些都在本文的第三章進(jìn)行了介紹。本文的研究是基于筆者對上海市農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體和服務(wù)主體的調(diào)研,在第四章,筆者依據(jù)調(diào)研獲取的資料對上海市構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。在構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體方面,筆者認(rèn)為上海市有一定閃光點(diǎn),但也存在不少問題。在服務(wù)主體方面,上海市公益性服務(wù)主體有待轉(zhuǎn)變,經(jīng)營性服務(wù)主體略顯不足。針對上海市農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體和服務(wù)主體的現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外構(gòu)建新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系的經(jīng)驗(yàn),筆者在第五章提出了一些針對性建議,如明確家庭農(nóng)場在糧食生產(chǎn)上的主體地位、重點(diǎn)扶持一品為主實(shí)現(xiàn)專業(yè)化發(fā)展的合作社、穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)合作聯(lián)社發(fā)展、大力支持農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)發(fā)展蔬菜園藝場、著力轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)公益性服務(wù)主體的職能、著重發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營性服務(wù)主體等建議,并提出相關(guān)配套措施。而在第六章,筆者對全文進(jìn)行了一個(gè)總結(jié),指出了研究中的一些成果,以及依舊沒能解決的一些問題。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas in 1980's, small scale household management has become the most important way of agricultural management. Household contract responsibility system has greatly promoted the emancipation and development of rural productive forces in China. However, with the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and the rapid development of modern agricultural construction, agricultural production and management are faced with some new problems, such as "who will plant, how to plant, what to plant" and so on. To solve these problems and realize the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, we must change the traditional agricultural management system and construct a new agricultural management system. Shanghai agriculture has always played an indispensable role in the development of Shanghai urban area and suburb. Such as providing high-quality grain and vegetables, providing fresh non-staple food, balancing the ecological environment, giving play to the role of social culture, and providing space for the development of Shanghai. All these functions depend on the promotion of Shanghai's agricultural competitiveness and the transformation from Shanghai's agriculture to modern agriculture. In order to realize the transformation of agricultural modernization, it is necessary to innovate the agricultural management system and mechanism, cultivate a diversified new agricultural management subject and speed up the development of agricultural socialized service. Therefore, speeding up the construction of a new agricultural management system is the first task to realize agricultural modernization in Shanghai. In the second chapter of this paper, the author combs the domestic and foreign related research achievements and scholars' views, and puts forward his own views on the connotation, characteristics and research breakthrough point of the new agricultural management system. Then, the author introduces in detail the advanced experience of constructing the new agricultural management system in the developed economies and regions, and the experiences of some developing countries which are more similar to our agricultural environment at the same time. All these are introduced in the third chapter of this paper. The research of this paper is based on the investigation of the main body of agricultural management and service in Shanghai. In the fourth chapter, the author evaluates the construction of a new agricultural management system in Shanghai according to the data obtained from the investigation. In the construction of new agricultural management subject, I think Shanghai has some bright spots, but there are also many problems. In the aspect of service main body, Shanghai public welfare service main body needs to change, management service main body is slightly insufficient. In view of the present situation of the main body of agricultural management and service in Shanghai, combined with the experience of constructing a new agricultural management system at home and abroad, the author puts forward some suggestions in the fifth chapter, such as clarifying the main position of family farm in grain production. We will focus on supporting cooperatives that focus on one product to achieve professional development, steadily advancing the development of cooperative cooperatives, vigorously supporting agricultural enterprises to develop vegetable gardens, and focusing on transforming the functions of agricultural public welfare service providers. Focus on the development of agricultural management services and other suggestions, and put forward related measures. In the sixth chapter, the author summarizes the whole paper, points out some achievements in the research and some problems that still can not be solved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共上海市委黨校
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F325

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