中美棉花生產(chǎn)成本收益及全要素生產(chǎn)率比較分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-20 16:20
【摘要】：我國是世界上最大產(chǎn)棉國和棉花消費(fèi)國,自1982年以來,我國棉花產(chǎn)量一直高居世界首位,可見我國棉花不僅在國內(nèi)同時(shí)在世界也有著舉足輕重的地位。棉花是我國僅次于糧食作物的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一,棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展對我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)有著重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。自我國加入WTO以來,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)受到了國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)成本上升和國內(nèi)外農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格“倒掛”的雙重?cái)D壓,糧食市場出現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)量、進(jìn)口量和庫存量三量齊增的“怪像”;國內(nèi)大豆需求旺盛,而生產(chǎn)徘徊不前,進(jìn)口年年攀升。美國是全球最大的棉花生產(chǎn)國之一,也是中國棉花最重要的進(jìn)口國之一。美國政府為提高美國棉花競爭力,保護(hù)棉花生產(chǎn)者利益,2014年美國《新農(nóng)業(yè)法案》針對高地棉生產(chǎn)者出臺了淺層次收入保護(hù)計(jì)劃,并于2015年開始實(shí)施。人們普遍認(rèn)為美國棉花由于生產(chǎn)成本低而具有較大的競爭優(yōu)勢。隨著中國棉花生產(chǎn)的萎縮,中國棉花供需缺口將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。在中國面積下降呈不可逆轉(zhuǎn)之勢的情況下,要穩(wěn)定和提高中國棉花供給能力,唯一出路在于持續(xù)有效地提高我國棉花的產(chǎn)出效率,即農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長理論中所指的全要素生產(chǎn)率。本文研究旨在比較分析中國棉花生產(chǎn)和美國棉花生產(chǎn)的成本收益狀況,并測算中美兩國棉花全要素生產(chǎn)率,通過對中美兩國棉花生產(chǎn)的比較分析,借鑒美國棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出提升我國棉花全要素生產(chǎn)率的政策建議。在經(jīng)過搜集大量相關(guān)資料后,通過對中國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒和全國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品成本收益資料匯編的整理,總結(jié)出近些年來我國各個(gè)省份棉花生產(chǎn)成本和收益的數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)。同時(shí)在美國農(nóng)業(yè)部網(wǎng)站中整理出近些年來美國各棉花主產(chǎn)區(qū)生產(chǎn)成本收益的數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)。通過對兩國間各主產(chǎn)區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)的分析以及對比分析發(fā)現(xiàn),我國棉花生產(chǎn)成本不斷上升,雖具有產(chǎn)值優(yōu)勢,但凈利潤較低。本文為進(jìn)一步比較分析兩國間棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的不同,根據(jù)中國國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的近年來我國棉花生產(chǎn)價(jià)格指數(shù)和聯(lián)合國糧食農(nóng)業(yè)組織公布的美國棉花生產(chǎn)價(jià)格指數(shù),分別對兩國間的棉花成本收益指數(shù)進(jìn)行價(jià)格平減。經(jīng)過價(jià)格平減后,分別對兩國的棉花全要素生產(chǎn)率進(jìn)行測算,最后進(jìn)行研究分析,以及比較分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國棉花生產(chǎn)技術(shù)有待進(jìn)一步提高,棉花生產(chǎn)規(guī)模效率不足。針對上述研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,有針對性的提出了相對應(yīng)的政策和建議。
[Abstract]:China is the largest cotton producing country and cotton consuming country in the world. Since 1982, China's cotton production has been the highest in the world, so it can be seen that China's cotton has a pivotal position not only in China but also in the world. Cotton is one of the most important economic crops after grain crops in China. The development of cotton industry is of great strategic significance to our national economy. Since China's entry into WTO, agricultural production has been squeezed by the rise of domestic production cost and the "inverted" price of agricultural products at home and abroad. Domestic soybean demand is exuberant, and the production fluctuates, imports rise year by year. The United States is one of the world's largest cotton producers and one of China's most important importers of cotton. In order to improve U.S. cotton competitiveness and protect the interests of cotton producers, the U.S. New Agriculture Act in 2014 introduced a shallow income protection program for upland cotton producers, which began to be implemented in 2015. It is generally believed that American cotton has a great competitive advantage because of its low production cost. As China's cotton production shrinks, China's cotton supply and demand gap will further expand. The only way to stabilize and improve China's cotton supply capacity is to continuously and effectively improve the cotton output efficiency, that is, the total factor productivity referred to in the theory of agricultural economic growth. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the cost-benefit situation of cotton production in China and the United States, and to calculate the total factor productivity of cotton between China and the United States, and to compare the cotton production between China and the United States. Based on the experience of cotton industry development in the United States, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions for improving the total factor productivity of cotton in China. After collecting a great deal of relevant data, through the collation of the statistics yearbook of China and the compilation of the national agricultural product cost and income data, the paper summarizes the data index of cotton production cost and income in each province of our country in recent years. At the same time, the United States Department of Agriculture website collated in recent years the main cotton production areas in the United States production cost and income indicators. Through the analysis and comparison of the data of the main producing areas between the two countries, it is found that the cotton production cost in our country is rising constantly, although it has the advantage of output value, but the net profit is relatively low. In order to compare and analyze the differences of cotton industry development between the two countries, according to the cotton production price index published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in recent years and the United States cotton production price index published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The cotton cost-benefit index between the two countries were deflated. After the price is reduced, the cotton total factor productivity of the two countries is measured, and finally, the comparative analysis is carried out. It is found that the cotton production technology in China needs to be further improved, and the cotton production scale efficiency is insufficient. Aiming at the problems found in the above research, the corresponding policies and suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F316.12
本文編號：2345376
[Abstract]:China is the largest cotton producing country and cotton consuming country in the world. Since 1982, China's cotton production has been the highest in the world, so it can be seen that China's cotton has a pivotal position not only in China but also in the world. Cotton is one of the most important economic crops after grain crops in China. The development of cotton industry is of great strategic significance to our national economy. Since China's entry into WTO, agricultural production has been squeezed by the rise of domestic production cost and the "inverted" price of agricultural products at home and abroad. Domestic soybean demand is exuberant, and the production fluctuates, imports rise year by year. The United States is one of the world's largest cotton producers and one of China's most important importers of cotton. In order to improve U.S. cotton competitiveness and protect the interests of cotton producers, the U.S. New Agriculture Act in 2014 introduced a shallow income protection program for upland cotton producers, which began to be implemented in 2015. It is generally believed that American cotton has a great competitive advantage because of its low production cost. As China's cotton production shrinks, China's cotton supply and demand gap will further expand. The only way to stabilize and improve China's cotton supply capacity is to continuously and effectively improve the cotton output efficiency, that is, the total factor productivity referred to in the theory of agricultural economic growth. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the cost-benefit situation of cotton production in China and the United States, and to calculate the total factor productivity of cotton between China and the United States, and to compare the cotton production between China and the United States. Based on the experience of cotton industry development in the United States, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions for improving the total factor productivity of cotton in China. After collecting a great deal of relevant data, through the collation of the statistics yearbook of China and the compilation of the national agricultural product cost and income data, the paper summarizes the data index of cotton production cost and income in each province of our country in recent years. At the same time, the United States Department of Agriculture website collated in recent years the main cotton production areas in the United States production cost and income indicators. Through the analysis and comparison of the data of the main producing areas between the two countries, it is found that the cotton production cost in our country is rising constantly, although it has the advantage of output value, but the net profit is relatively low. In order to compare and analyze the differences of cotton industry development between the two countries, according to the cotton production price index published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in recent years and the United States cotton production price index published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The cotton cost-benefit index between the two countries were deflated. After the price is reduced, the cotton total factor productivity of the two countries is measured, and finally, the comparative analysis is carried out. It is found that the cotton production technology in China needs to be further improved, and the cotton production scale efficiency is insufficient. Aiming at the problems found in the above research, the corresponding policies and suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F316.12
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