【摘要】：土地是一切人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),是不可再生資源,也是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必要前提,然而,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、人口的增加、工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化的日益加快,人類對(duì)土地資源的需求也與日俱增,人地矛盾也日益加劇,尤其是大量耕地資源被建設(shè)占用,使得全國(guó)耕地保有量18億畝的目標(biāo)保持難度非常大。交通是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的大動(dòng)脈,是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)之一,近年來(lái)伴隨我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)高速發(fā)展,公路建設(shè)也取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,尤其是高速公路發(fā)展更是能用“空前”兩字形容。高速公路安全快捷、能快速帶動(dòng)沿線社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,但高速公路建設(shè)里程長(zhǎng)、面積大、占用耕地等土地資源多,其中含有大量的優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地,使高速公路占地與土地資源稀缺的矛盾,尤其是與高質(zhì)量農(nóng)田保護(hù)之間的矛盾日益突出。目前在高速公路項(xiàng)目可行性研究階段,進(jìn)行選線和路線方案研究時(shí),多著重考慮通行能力、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、地形地質(zhì)、行車安全等因素,對(duì)于節(jié)約集約用地方面的研究并不深入。通過(guò)開展高速公路節(jié)約集約用地理論和評(píng)價(jià)方法的研究,在高速公路可行性研究階段,建立具有實(shí)用價(jià)值的評(píng)價(jià)體系,對(duì)高速公路項(xiàng)目多條比選方案的節(jié)約集約用地情況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)和預(yù)測(cè),能夠?yàn)楦咚俟饭?jié)約集約用地評(píng)價(jià)預(yù)測(cè)工作的開展提供新的思路與方法。本文在分析和總結(jié)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)高速公路建設(shè)用地節(jié)約集約利用的研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)高速公路節(jié)約集約用地的概念、內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定,并以經(jīng)濟(jì)供給理論、土地稀缺理論、土地報(bào)酬遞減理論和土地集約利用理論為基礎(chǔ),建立高速公路節(jié)約集約用地評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法和特爾斐法結(jié)合指標(biāo)的可獲取性對(duì)高速公路節(jié)約集約用地評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行選取,采用層次分析法和變異系數(shù)法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重,通過(guò)極值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理,加權(quán)求和測(cè)算各方案用地節(jié)約集約度;最后以榆商線綏德至延川高速公路為案例,進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,對(duì)該建設(shè)項(xiàng)目可行性研究階段的多條走廊路線比選方案節(jié)約集約用地水平進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)和分析;最后,提出提高高速公路節(jié)約集約用地水平的建議。
[Abstract]:Land is the material basis for the survival and development of all human beings. It is a non-renewable resource and a necessary prerequisite for social and economic development. However, with the development of economy and the increase of population, industrialization and urbanization are accelerating day by day. The human demand for land resources is increasing day by day, and the contradiction between man and land is becoming more and more serious, especially a large number of cultivated land resources are occupied by construction, which makes it very difficult to maintain the goal of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land in the whole country. Traffic is the artery of the national economy and one of the foundations of the national economic construction. In recent years, with the sustained and rapid economic development of our country, highway construction has also made considerable progress. In particular, highway development can be described with the word "unprecedented". Expressway is safe and fast, it can quickly drive the development of social economy along the highway, but the highway construction mileage is long, the area is large, and the land resources such as cultivated land are occupied, which contains a large amount of high-quality cultivated land. The contradiction between the expressway land occupation and the scarcity of land resources, especially the protection of high quality farmland, is becoming more and more prominent. At present, in the feasibility study stage of expressway project, the research on route selection and route scheme is focused on the factors of capacity, economic benefit, topography and geology, driving safety and so on, but the research on saving intensive land is not thorough. Through the research on the theory and evaluation method of freeway saving and intensive land use, the evaluation system with practical value is established in the stage of highway feasibility study. To evaluate and predict the situation of saving intensive land for expressway projects, it can provide new ideas and methods for the evaluation and prediction of expressway conservation and intensive land use. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the current research results of intensive utilization of expressway construction land, this paper defines the concept and connotation of expressway conservation and intensive land use, and uses the theory of economic supply and the theory of land scarcity. Based on the theory of decreasing land return and the theory of intensive use of land, the evaluation index system of saving and intensive land use for expressway is established. By using the method of literature research and Delphi method combined with the availability of indicators, the evaluation index of saving intensive land for freeway is selected, and the weight of index is determined by AHP and coefficient of variation method. Through the method of extreme value standardization to standardize the data, weighted summation to calculate the intensity of land saving. Finally, taking Suide to Yanchuan Expressway of Yu-Shang Line as a case, the empirical study is carried out. This paper evaluates and analyzes the level of saving intensive land for several corridor routes in the feasibility study stage of the construction project, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for improving the level of saving intensive land for expressway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2

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