【摘要】：水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)在我國漁業(yè)乃至整個(gè)大農(nóng)業(yè)中都具有舉足輕重的地位。水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展使得海產(chǎn)品不再由單一的海洋捕撈業(yè)供給,彌補(bǔ)了海洋捕撈受自然因素的制約的不足,為海洋漁業(yè)資源減輕了負(fù)擔(dān)。但是,伴隨著人類對(duì)動(dòng)物性蛋白質(zhì)需求的增高所帶來的海鮮產(chǎn)品需求量的增加,水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,以流水養(yǎng)殖為主的傳統(tǒng)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)也帶來了負(fù)面的效果。由于傳統(tǒng)的流水養(yǎng)殖模式以個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)為主,作為主流養(yǎng)殖模式,其投資規(guī)模都較小,設(shè)施條件不完善,技術(shù)不足,特別是其一次性排污養(yǎng)殖流程嚴(yán)重影響了養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致了地下海水資源的匱乏以及海產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全堪憂,海水污染浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重的問題。產(chǎn)業(yè)的自身可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素的有效利用以及價(jià)值的挖掘都是廢棄物利用與轉(zhuǎn)化,作為循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成,其不僅帶來了較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,低污染的技術(shù)也產(chǎn)生了巨大的生態(tài)效益。作為新型水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù),水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖節(jié)能減排技術(shù)將推動(dòng)是漁業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有力一環(huán)。然而在水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖節(jié)能減排技術(shù)的推廣過程中,技術(shù)利用主體環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)薄弱、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)缺乏、服務(wù)體系科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力,水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型要依托于先進(jìn)技術(shù)的武裝。從根本上轉(zhuǎn)變養(yǎng)殖方式作為轉(zhuǎn)型的必經(jīng)途徑,推動(dòng)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)走向可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路,以工業(yè)化循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)為代表的現(xiàn)代化養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)取代傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)必然將成為一種趨勢(shì)。本文將基于農(nóng)戶行為理論、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論等重要理論利用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法、調(diào)查分析法、logistic回歸模型等統(tǒng)計(jì)及計(jì)量分析方法,對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步率等對(duì)海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的影響進(jìn)行研究,同時(shí)依托國家鲆鰈類產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)崗位團(tuán)隊(duì)在鲆鰈類主產(chǎn)區(qū)的230家鲆鰈類養(yǎng)殖戶的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),從供求的角度對(duì)大菱鲆循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)的推廣現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,研究結(jié)果表明:從需求主體角度來看,養(yǎng)殖戶對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)認(rèn)知程度不理想,資金問題是養(yǎng)殖戶參與節(jié)能減排技術(shù)的主要瓶頸。從供給主體角度來看,技術(shù)的擴(kuò)散途徑單一,政策的支持力度較小是主要影響因素。通過對(duì)養(yǎng)殖戶節(jié)能減排技術(shù)采納行為影響因素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明:雇主年齡、雇主學(xué)歷、是否常與綜合試驗(yàn)站(或農(nóng)技員)聯(lián)系、是否知道養(yǎng)殖過程中會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成影響、是否參加過各類養(yǎng)殖節(jié)能減排的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)這五個(gè)變量對(duì)農(nóng)戶技術(shù)采納意愿具有顯著影響。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)一步提出了相應(yīng)對(duì)策:提高養(yǎng)殖戶教育水平,減少漁業(yè)技能減排技術(shù)推廣阻力;拓寬漁業(yè)節(jié)能減排技術(shù)推廣途徑,提高技術(shù)擴(kuò)散能力;加大政策扶持力度,推動(dòng)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型。
[Abstract]:Aquaculture plays an important role in our country's fishery and even the whole agriculture. With the development of aquaculture, seafood is no longer supplied by a single marine fishing industry, which makes up for the shortage of marine fishing restricted by natural factors and lightens the burden for marine fishery resources. However, with the increase of human demand for animal protein, the increase of seafood product demand, aquaculture industry continues to develop, the traditional aquaculture industry, mainly water farming, has also brought negative effects. Because the traditional water culture mode is mainly self-employed, as the mainstream culture mode, its investment scale is small, facilities are not perfect, and technology is insufficient, especially its one-off sewage aquaculture process has seriously affected the culture environment. It leads to the shortage of underground seawater resources, the poor quality and safety of marine products, and the serious waste of sea water pollution. The sustainable development of industry, the effective utilization of industrial production factors and the mining of its value are the important components of recycling economy, which not only bring higher economic benefits. Low-pollution technologies also produce huge ecological benefits. As a new type of aquaculture technology, aquaculture energy saving and emission reduction technology will promote the sustainable development of fisheries. However, in the process of popularizing the technology of energy saving and emission reduction in aquaculture, the consciousness of environmental protection of the main body of technology utilization is weak, the consciousness of circular economy is lacking, and the science and technology of service system is the first productive force. The transformation of aquaculture industry depends on the armed forces of advanced technology. It is necessary to change the way of aquaculture as a necessary way to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture. It will be a trend to replace the traditional culture technology with the modern culture technology represented by the industrialized circulating water culture technology. In this paper, based on farmer behavior theory, circular economy theory and other important theories, using data envelopment analysis, investigation analysis, logistic regression model and other statistical and econometric analysis methods, the effects of technological progress rate on mariculture are studied. At the same time, relying on the investigation data of 230 flounder breeders in the main flounder production areas by the industrial and economic post team of the national flounder industry technical system, this paper analyzes the present situation of the promotion of the circulating water culture technology of turbot from the point of view of supply and demand. The results show that: from the point of view of demand main body, farmers' cognition of environmental protection is not ideal, and the problem of funds is the main bottleneck of farmers' participation in energy saving and emission reduction technology. From the point of view of the supplier, the diffusion of technology is single, and the policy support is the main factor. Through the correlation analysis of the factors influencing the behavior of energy saving and emission reduction technology adoption of farmers, the results show that: employer age, employer education, whether or not to contact with the comprehensive test station (or agricultural technicians), Whether we know that the breeding process will have an impact on the ecological environment, whether you have participated in all kinds of aquaculture energy saving and emission reduction technology training these five variables have a significant impact on the willingness of farmers to adopt technology. According to the results of the study, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: to improve the education level of farmers, to reduce the resistance of technical popularization of fishery skills and emission reduction; to broaden the ways to promote the technology of saving energy and reducing emissions of fisheries, to improve the ability of technology diffusion; to increase policy support; Promote the transformation of aquaculture technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.4;F323.3

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本文編號(hào)：2220594