膠東山區(qū)不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤重金屬分布的影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-03 06:46
【摘要】：土地利用作為人類利用土地各種活動(dòng)的綜合反映,是影響土壤質(zhì)量變化最普遍、最直接、最深刻的因素。土壤重金屬含量是評(píng)價(jià)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo),準(zhǔn)確分析土地利用變化對(duì)于土壤重金屬污染的影響具有重要意義。棲霞市作為我國(guó)蘋果主產(chǎn)區(qū),了解不同土地利用方式對(duì)于土壤重金屬的分布影響,能夠確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全,保證生態(tài)安全和人類健康。本文以棲霞市1987年、1992年、1997年、2002、2007年五期遙感影像作為數(shù)據(jù)源,結(jié)合研究區(qū)域的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料、環(huán)境年報(bào)等資料,同時(shí)進(jìn)行野外調(diào)查、實(shí)地走訪等,獲得研究區(qū)域近20年的土地利用變化數(shù)據(jù),在GIS平臺(tái)對(duì)上棲霞市土地利用動(dòng)態(tài)變化進(jìn)行分析。由于土壤重金屬的累積特性,以2007年棲霞市土壤重金屬調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)源,分析棲霞市不同土地利用方式及利用時(shí)間對(duì)土壤重金屬分布的影響。得出的結(jié)論主要有:(1)1987-2007年間,棲霞市園地和草地面積先增后減,耕地和未利用地面積有所減少,林地和建設(shè)用地面積持續(xù)增加,其中建設(shè)用地變化速度最快。耕地、未利用地和建設(shè)用地土地利用類型間的空間轉(zhuǎn)換比較頻繁,耕地、未利用地、園地用地面積變化幅度大于林地、建設(shè)用地和草地用地面積變化幅度。(2)表層土壤不同重金屬元素含量差異較大,Cd、Cu、Hg、Ni的平均含量較山東省土壤元素背景值較高,其中Cu含量平均值超過(guò)山東省背景值達(dá)2.25倍,Cr、Pb、Zn的含量平均值稍高于其背景值。深層土壤重金屬含量平均值略高于山東省深層土壤元素背景值,表明棲霞市深層土壤也不同程度的受到人類活動(dòng)的干擾。Cu、Ni、Zn在植物體內(nèi)具有非常重要的生理作用,三種重金屬在草地、林地、園地和耕地中均具有較高的累積量,研究區(qū)采用集約化的生產(chǎn)模式,三種重金屬對(duì)于集約化生產(chǎn)模式下的植物生長(zhǎng)穩(wěn)定性及增產(chǎn)具有重要意義。而As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb在不同地類中的累積量較低。不同地類中對(duì)不同土地利用方式下土壤重金屬的垂直累積統(tǒng)計(jì)值分析,各元素在園地和建設(shè)用地中具有較高的垂直累積率。棲霞市作為蘋果主產(chǎn)區(qū),在果園管理過(guò)程中,對(duì)于化肥及農(nóng)藥的使用使土壤中重金屬含量增加,而園地特殊的管理方式,使得土壤重金屬累積效果顯著,而建設(shè)用地是受人類活動(dòng)影響最強(qiáng)烈的區(qū)域,人類對(duì)于土壤構(gòu)造的機(jī)械破壞促進(jìn)了土壤重金屬的垂直遷移。未利用地、林地作為人類影響較弱的斑塊,各元素的垂直遷移率也較低,綜合分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同土地利用方式影響土壤重金屬垂直遷移率強(qiáng)弱為:建設(shè)用地園地耕地草地林地未利用地。整體土壤重金屬元素含量均處于國(guó)家環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以內(nèi),有利于保證當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定性。(3)對(duì)棲霞市重金屬進(jìn)行人為源、自然源辨識(shí)。利用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法結(jié)果表明:棲霞市土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni、Hg和Cu都傾向于人為導(dǎo)致,而As和Cr則主要來(lái)源于成土母質(zhì),這與人們一般認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)一致。耕地、園地和建設(shè)用地是受到人類活動(dòng)影響較大的區(qū)域,人類生產(chǎn)生活產(chǎn)生的廢棄物以及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的土壤肥料等都對(duì)土壤重金屬累積產(chǎn)生影響,在這三種土地利用類型上,Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni、Hg和Cu都表現(xiàn)出了較高的累積。As和Cr在不同土地利用方式上未出現(xiàn)累積現(xiàn)象。(4)不同土地利用方式對(duì)土壤重金屬水平分布的影響研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人類活動(dòng)影響的強(qiáng)弱直接決定了土壤中重金屬的含量。土壤重金屬的水平分布含量狀況表現(xiàn)出:建設(shè)用地園地耕地草地林地未利用地。通過(guò)對(duì)不同土地利用類型下土壤重金屬垂向分布特征可以發(fā)現(xiàn),Cu、Cd和Hg在不同土地利用方式上都保持著較高的累積。Cu、Zn和Ni作為植物生長(zhǎng)必需的微量元素,保持在正常的含量范圍內(nèi)。結(jié)合源匯理論,將耕地、建設(shè)用地和園地作為“源類型”,這類區(qū)域?qū)τ谕寥乐亟饘俚睦鄯e具有一定的促進(jìn)作用,人類活動(dòng)的影響使得這部分區(qū)域成為土壤重金屬累積的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。將草地、林地和未利用地作為“匯類型”,這類區(qū)域受到人類活動(dòng)的影響較小,同時(shí)自身具有一定的自凈能力,能夠有效的吸附土壤中的重金屬元素。(5)對(duì)棲霞市土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行單因子污染指數(shù)和綜合污染指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià),依據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將棲霞市劃分為清潔區(qū)、優(yōu)先保護(hù)區(qū)、安全利用區(qū)、嚴(yán)格管控區(qū)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)限制區(qū),全域范圍有95.9%處于輕微污染范圍內(nèi),少數(shù)區(qū)域達(dá)到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)限制區(qū)。根據(jù)單因子污染指數(shù)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),Cu和Hg積累程度相對(duì)較高,尤其是Hg,但整體處于國(guó)家環(huán)境質(zhì)量二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之內(nèi),在可控的范圍內(nèi)。結(jié)合綜合污染指數(shù)可以發(fā)現(xiàn),重金屬污染具有明顯的片狀分布。
[Abstract]:Land use, as a comprehensive reflection of land use activities, is the most common, direct and profound factor affecting soil quality change. Heavy metal content in soil is an important index to evaluate the environmental quality of agricultural products producing areas. It is of great significance to accurately analyze the impact of land use change on soil heavy metal pollution. As the main apple producing area in China, understanding the effects of different land use patterns on the distribution of heavy metals in soil can ensure the safety of agricultural products, ecological security and human health. The data of land use change in the past 20 years were obtained through field investigation and field visits, and the dynamic changes of land use in Shangqixia City were analyzed on the platform of GIS. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 1987 to 2007, the area of garden land and grassland increased first and then decreased, the area of cultivated land and unused land decreased, the area of forest land and construction land increased continuously, and the change speed of construction land was the fastest. (2) The contents of different heavy metals in surface soil varied greatly, and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Hg and Ni were higher than the background values of soil elements in Shandong Province, in which the average content of Cu was higher than that in the mountains. The background value of the eastern province is 2.25 times, and the average contents of Cr, Pb and Zn are slightly higher than the background value. The average contents of heavy metals in the deep soil are slightly higher than those in the deep soil of Shandong Province, indicating that the deep soil in Qixia city is also disturbed by human activities to varying degrees. Cu, Ni and Zn have very important physiological functions in plants, and three kinds of heavy gold. The accumulation of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in grassland, woodland, garden and arable land is high. The intensive production mode is adopted in the study area. The three heavy metals are of great importance to plant growth stability and yield increase under the intensive production mode. According to the analysis of the vertical accumulation statistics of heavy metals in soil, the vertical accumulation rate of each element in garden and construction land was higher. Qixia city, as the main apple producing area, increased the content of heavy metals in soil by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the process of orchard management. The effect is remarkable, but the construction land is the most strongly affected area by human activities, and the mechanical destruction of soil structure promotes the vertical migration of heavy metals in the soil. Vertical mobility of metals is as follows: unused land of construction land, garden land, grassland and woodland. The content of heavy metals in the whole soil is within the second level of national environmental quality standards, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the local ecological environment. (3) Identification of heavy metals from human and natural sources in Qixia city. The results showed that Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg and Cu in the soil of Qixia City tended to be artificially induced, while As and Cr were mainly derived from the parent material of soil formation, which was consistent with the general view. Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg and Cu all showed higher accumulation in the three land use types. As and Cr did not accumulate in different land use patterns. (4) The effect of different land use patterns on soil heavy metal level distribution was found to be direct by human activities. The content of heavy metals in soil was determined. The horizontal distribution of heavy metals in soil was shown as follows: unused land in construction land, garden land, grassland and woodland. According to the theory of source and sink, cultivated land, construction land and garden land are regarded as "source types", which can promote the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. The influence of human activities makes this region become the key area of heavy metals accumulation in soil. The grassland, woodland and unused land are regarded as sink types, which are less affected by human activities, and have certain self-purification ability, and can effectively absorb heavy metals in soil. (5) The single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of soil environmental quality in Qixia city are evaluated according to the evaluation criteria. According to the single factor pollution index, the accumulation of Cu and Hg is relatively high, especially Hg, but the whole area is in the second national environmental quality. It is found that the heavy metal pollution has obvious flake distribution within the grade standard and within the controllable range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;F301.2
本文編號(hào)：2219219
[Abstract]:Land use, as a comprehensive reflection of land use activities, is the most common, direct and profound factor affecting soil quality change. Heavy metal content in soil is an important index to evaluate the environmental quality of agricultural products producing areas. It is of great significance to accurately analyze the impact of land use change on soil heavy metal pollution. As the main apple producing area in China, understanding the effects of different land use patterns on the distribution of heavy metals in soil can ensure the safety of agricultural products, ecological security and human health. The data of land use change in the past 20 years were obtained through field investigation and field visits, and the dynamic changes of land use in Shangqixia City were analyzed on the platform of GIS. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 1987 to 2007, the area of garden land and grassland increased first and then decreased, the area of cultivated land and unused land decreased, the area of forest land and construction land increased continuously, and the change speed of construction land was the fastest. (2) The contents of different heavy metals in surface soil varied greatly, and the average contents of Cd, Cu, Hg and Ni were higher than the background values of soil elements in Shandong Province, in which the average content of Cu was higher than that in the mountains. The background value of the eastern province is 2.25 times, and the average contents of Cr, Pb and Zn are slightly higher than the background value. The average contents of heavy metals in the deep soil are slightly higher than those in the deep soil of Shandong Province, indicating that the deep soil in Qixia city is also disturbed by human activities to varying degrees. Cu, Ni and Zn have very important physiological functions in plants, and three kinds of heavy gold. The accumulation of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in grassland, woodland, garden and arable land is high. The intensive production mode is adopted in the study area. The three heavy metals are of great importance to plant growth stability and yield increase under the intensive production mode. According to the analysis of the vertical accumulation statistics of heavy metals in soil, the vertical accumulation rate of each element in garden and construction land was higher. Qixia city, as the main apple producing area, increased the content of heavy metals in soil by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the process of orchard management. The effect is remarkable, but the construction land is the most strongly affected area by human activities, and the mechanical destruction of soil structure promotes the vertical migration of heavy metals in the soil. Vertical mobility of metals is as follows: unused land of construction land, garden land, grassland and woodland. The content of heavy metals in the whole soil is within the second level of national environmental quality standards, which is conducive to ensuring the stability of the local ecological environment. (3) Identification of heavy metals from human and natural sources in Qixia city. The results showed that Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg and Cu in the soil of Qixia City tended to be artificially induced, while As and Cr were mainly derived from the parent material of soil formation, which was consistent with the general view. Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg and Cu all showed higher accumulation in the three land use types. As and Cr did not accumulate in different land use patterns. (4) The effect of different land use patterns on soil heavy metal level distribution was found to be direct by human activities. The content of heavy metals in soil was determined. The horizontal distribution of heavy metals in soil was shown as follows: unused land in construction land, garden land, grassland and woodland. According to the theory of source and sink, cultivated land, construction land and garden land are regarded as "source types", which can promote the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. The influence of human activities makes this region become the key area of heavy metals accumulation in soil. The grassland, woodland and unused land are regarded as sink types, which are less affected by human activities, and have certain self-purification ability, and can effectively absorb heavy metals in soil. (5) The single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of soil environmental quality in Qixia city are evaluated according to the evaluation criteria. According to the single factor pollution index, the accumulation of Cu and Hg is relatively high, especially Hg, but the whole area is in the second national environmental quality. It is found that the heavy metal pollution has obvious flake distribution within the grade standard and within the controllable range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;F301.2
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 張春鵬;李富祥;;鴨綠江口濕地灘涂表層沉積物重金屬空間分布特征及生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2016年09期
2 王幼奇;白一茹;王建宇;;基于GIS的銀川市不同功能區(qū)土壤重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)及分布特征[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2016年02期
3 周德;徐建春;王莉;;環(huán)杭州灣城市群土地利用的空間沖突與復(fù)雜性[J];地理研究;2015年09期
4 李清良;吳倩;高進(jìn)波;馬軍;徐秋芳;俞慎;;基于小流域尺度的土壤重金屬分布與土地利用相關(guān)性研究——以廈門市坂頭水庫(kù)流域?yàn)槔齕J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年16期
5 李曉慧;蔡匯豐;;中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策研究[J];熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年06期
6 李科;丁晴晴;傅珊;;太原市土壤重金屬污染空間分布及評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境化學(xué);2015年04期
7 方曉波;史堅(jiān);廖欣峰;樓中;周侶艷;余海霞;姚琳;孫立蘋;;臨安市雷竹林土壤重金屬污染特征及生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年06期
8 王斐;黃益宗;王小玲;高柱;余發(fā)新;徐峰;保瓊莉;胡瑩;喬敏;金姝蘭;李季;向猛;;江西鎢礦周邊土壤重金屬生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià):不同評(píng)價(jià)方法的比較[J];環(huán)境化學(xué);2015年02期
9 龐妍;同延安;梁連友;吉普輝;唐希望;;污灌農(nóng)田土壤-作物體系重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期
10 付傳城;王文勇;潘劍君;王恒欽;尹正宇;;城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合帶土壤重金屬時(shí)空變異特征與源解析——以南京市柘塘鎮(zhèn)為例[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2014年05期
，本文編號(hào)：2219219
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/nongyejingjilunwen/2219219.html
最近更新
教材專著
