長沙市不同土地利用方式對土壤理化性質(zhì)及生態(tài)服務(wù)功能的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-30 12:00
【摘要】：本研究選取長沙市五種主要土地利用方式(農(nóng)用地、林地、草地、建設(shè)用地綠地、未利用地)為研究對象,參考森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能評估規(guī)范,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的土地利用數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用野外調(diào)查和實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析相結(jié)合的方法,探討了土壤理化性質(zhì),理化性質(zhì)之間的相關(guān)性,計(jì)算了長沙市2013年生態(tài)服務(wù)功能價(jià)值(涵養(yǎng)水源、保持土壤、固碳、凈化大氣),研究成果可以為長沙市城市土地利用的科學(xué)管理與規(guī)劃,制定生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制提供合理的依據(jù),這可以推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)土地利用在經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)、社會效益等方面的共贏。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)在不同土地利用方式土壤的理化性質(zhì)中,除草地外,其土地它利用方式土壤的自然含水率呈隨深度增加而增加的趨勢,變化趨勢與土壤的容重、毛管孔隙度、總毛管孔隙度的變化趨勢相反,不同土地利用方式同一土層之間的差異性均為顯著(P0.05)；長沙市土壤基本呈酸性,土壤全N、全K、全P在含量上屬偏低水平,不同土地利用方式土壤的有機(jī)碳、全N、全K、全P在垂直分布上均呈隨著深度加深而降低的趨勢,且各層次之間均有一定差異性,在水平分布上,除人為施加肥料的農(nóng)用地與其它利用方式土地差異性極顯著外(P0.01),其它土地利用方式土壤在全N、全K、全P含量上無顯著性差異。五種土地利用方式土壤的C/N值在2.12～21.21之間,其中林地和草地的C/N值遠(yuǎn)高于其它幾種類型土地。(2)在整個(gè)研究區(qū)內(nèi)土壤理化性質(zhì)各指標(biāo)中,自然含水率與容重、容重與全K、pH與SOC之間呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05),其中自然含水率與容重、pH與SOC之間呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01),而自然含水率與全N、全P、全K之間；全N與全P、全K之間；全P與全K之間均呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。在不同土地利用方式中,其中農(nóng)用地土壤自然含水率與容重呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。林地土壤的SOC與全N、全P呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。草地土壤的SOC與全N、全K；全N與全K之間均呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05),且全N與全K之間呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。建設(shè)用地綠地土壤的自然含水率與全N、全P呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.05)其中全N與全P呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P0.01)。(3)由于受人為及自然因素影響程度不同,導(dǎo)致了不同土地利用方式下單位面積的生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值有較大差異。其中,涵養(yǎng)水源方面價(jià)值排序?yàn)椋毫值剞r(nóng)用地草地建設(shè)用地綠地未利用地；在保持土壤方面價(jià)值排序?yàn)椋恨r(nóng)用地林地建設(shè)用地綠地草地未利用地；在固碳價(jià)值方面價(jià)值排序?yàn)椋毫值夭莸剞r(nóng)用地建設(shè)用地綠地未利用地；在凈化大氣價(jià)值方面排序?yàn)椋毫值亟ㄔO(shè)用地綠地農(nóng)用地草地未利用地,這四種服務(wù)功能總價(jià)值大小表現(xiàn)為：林地農(nóng)用地建設(shè)用地綠地草地未利用地。(4)長沙市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有較大的生態(tài)價(jià)值,約133.74×108元。在總生態(tài)價(jià)值中,水源涵養(yǎng)、土壤保持、固碳、凈化大氣的價(jià)值分別為76.07×108元、22.87×108元、12.43×108元、22.46×108元,分別占總價(jià)值的56.88%、17.03%、9.29%、16.80%。單位面積水源涵養(yǎng)、土壤保持、固碳、凈化大氣價(jià)值分別為：7172.72元/hm2,2147.52元/hm2,1171.96元/hm2,2118.10元/hm2。
[Abstract]:Five main land use patterns (agricultural land, woodland, grassland, construction land, unused land) in Changsha City were selected as the research objects, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were discussed by means of field investigation and laboratory analysis according to the existing land use data and the criteria of forest ecosystem service function assessment. The ecological service value of Changsha in 2013 (water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, air purification) was calculated. The research results can provide a reasonable basis for the scientific management and planning of urban land use in Changsha and the formulation of ecological compensation mechanism, which can promote the construction of ecological environment and realize land use in Changsha. The results show that: (1) In the physical and chemical properties of soils under different land use patterns, except grassland, the natural water content of soils under different land use patterns tends to increase with the increase of soil depth, and the change trend is in accordance with soil bulk density, capillary porosity and total capillary porosity. On the contrary, the difference of the same soil layer between different land use patterns was significant (P 0.05); the soil in Changsha was basically acidic, and the contents of total N, total K and total P were low. The organic carbon, total N, total K and total P in the soil of different land use patterns decreased with the depth of the soil, and the vertical distribution of all levels were all decreasing. There is a certain difference in the horizontal distribution, except for the difference between manure-applied agricultural land and other land use methods (P 0.01), there is no significant difference in the total N, total K, total P content in other land use methods. The C/N values of the five land use methods ranged from 2.12 to 21.21, among which the C/N values of forest land and grassland are far higher. (2) Natural water content and bulk density, bulk density and total K, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.05) among the indexes of soil physical and chemical properties in the whole study area, in which natural water content and bulk density, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.01), while natural water content and total N, total P, total K were negatively correlated (P 0.01). There was a very significant positive correlation between total P and total K (P 0.01). There was a very significant negative correlation between soil natural water content and bulk density (P 0.01) in different land use patterns. There was a significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.05), and a very significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.01). There are great differences in the value of ecological services per unit area under different land use patterns. Among them, the order of the value of water conservation is as follows: unused land of forest land, agricultural land, grassland construction land, green land, and grassland; unused land of agricultural land, forestland, construction land, grassland, and value of carbon sequestration. The results are as follows: unused land of forestland, grassland, farmland, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, green land, farmland and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land Among the total ecological value, the value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification were 76.07 108, 22.87 108, 12.43 108, 22.46 108, accounting for 56.88%, 17.03%, 9.29%, 16.80% of the total value respectively. The value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification per unit area were 7172.72 yuan/hm, respectively. 22147.52 yuan /hm21171.96 yuan /hm22118.10 yuan /hm2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153;F301.2
本文編號：2213011
[Abstract]:Five main land use patterns (agricultural land, woodland, grassland, construction land, unused land) in Changsha City were selected as the research objects, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were discussed by means of field investigation and laboratory analysis according to the existing land use data and the criteria of forest ecosystem service function assessment. The ecological service value of Changsha in 2013 (water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, air purification) was calculated. The research results can provide a reasonable basis for the scientific management and planning of urban land use in Changsha and the formulation of ecological compensation mechanism, which can promote the construction of ecological environment and realize land use in Changsha. The results show that: (1) In the physical and chemical properties of soils under different land use patterns, except grassland, the natural water content of soils under different land use patterns tends to increase with the increase of soil depth, and the change trend is in accordance with soil bulk density, capillary porosity and total capillary porosity. On the contrary, the difference of the same soil layer between different land use patterns was significant (P 0.05); the soil in Changsha was basically acidic, and the contents of total N, total K and total P were low. The organic carbon, total N, total K and total P in the soil of different land use patterns decreased with the depth of the soil, and the vertical distribution of all levels were all decreasing. There is a certain difference in the horizontal distribution, except for the difference between manure-applied agricultural land and other land use methods (P 0.01), there is no significant difference in the total N, total K, total P content in other land use methods. The C/N values of the five land use methods ranged from 2.12 to 21.21, among which the C/N values of forest land and grassland are far higher. (2) Natural water content and bulk density, bulk density and total K, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.05) among the indexes of soil physical and chemical properties in the whole study area, in which natural water content and bulk density, pH and SOC were negatively correlated (P 0.01), while natural water content and total N, total P, total K were negatively correlated (P 0.01). There was a very significant positive correlation between total P and total K (P 0.01). There was a very significant negative correlation between soil natural water content and bulk density (P 0.01) in different land use patterns. There was a significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.05), and a very significant positive correlation between total N and total K (P 0.01). There are great differences in the value of ecological services per unit area under different land use patterns. Among them, the order of the value of water conservation is as follows: unused land of forest land, agricultural land, grassland construction land, green land, and grassland; unused land of agricultural land, forestland, construction land, grassland, and value of carbon sequestration. The results are as follows: unused land of forestland, grassland, farmland, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, green land, farmland and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of green land and grassland; unused land of forestland and grassland; unused land of forestland, construction land, construction land, green land and grassland; unused land Among the total ecological value, the value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification were 76.07 108, 22.87 108, 12.43 108, 22.46 108, accounting for 56.88%, 17.03%, 9.29%, 16.80% of the total value respectively. The value of water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and air purification per unit area were 7172.72 yuan/hm, respectively. 22147.52 yuan /hm21171.96 yuan /hm22118.10 yuan /hm2.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153;F301.2
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，本文編號：2213011
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