發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 11:49

【摘要】：“農(nóng)民工”是在中國經(jīng)濟體制改革中孕育而生的一個具有中國特色的群體和詞匯。伴隨中國改革開放的不斷深入、交通愈加便利、信息傳播速度不斷加快以及人們思想意識的不斷改變,大量農(nóng)村剩余勞動力從鄉(xiāng)村轉(zhuǎn)移到城市從事第二、第三產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以此來獲取收入即農(nóng)民的工資性收入。1978年至今,農(nóng)民總收入中農(nóng)業(yè)收入占比逐年減少,而外出打工收入占比逐年增加。農(nóng)民的工資收入占家庭人均純收入的比重已由2000年的31%提高到了2014年的45%。盡管工資收入的增加提高了農(nóng)民總收入,但與城鎮(zhèn)居民收入相比卻存在不小的差距,2015年我國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配性收入達31126元,而農(nóng)村居民的人均可支配性收入僅為12057元。改變農(nóng)民收入水平偏低且增長緩慢的現(xiàn)狀,不僅關(guān)系到農(nóng)民自身利益,且與我國社會穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康的發(fā)展有著密不可分的關(guān)系。上述問題產(chǎn)生有許多客觀的原因,如勞動力市場的供需矛盾、沒有明確完善的農(nóng)民工相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)等,但是造成農(nóng)民工收入偏低的根本原因還是由于我國農(nóng)民工總體人力資本投資不足,最終導致他們無法提高自身的工資水平。因此,運用人力資本相關(guān)理論來研究如何增加農(nóng)民工收入具有現(xiàn)實意義。本文以遼寧省鞍山市失地農(nóng)民工為例,運用人力資本投資的相關(guān)理論和方法,全面分析人力資本投資對農(nóng)民工工資收入的影響,利用SPSS軟件對實際調(diào)研的數(shù)據(jù)進行整理分析,充分了解和掌握人力資本投資現(xiàn)狀及工資收入狀況并進行描述性統(tǒng)計分析。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),鞍山市郊區(qū)失去耕地的農(nóng)民工人力資本投資不足,主要表現(xiàn)為教育投資不足、衛(wèi)生保健支出較少、培訓次數(shù)少且時間短、遷移次數(shù)少,工作更換次數(shù)頻繁,并在此基礎上運用“Mincer”模型來研究人力資本因素中的各變量和個人特征中的各變量對工資收入的影響。同時,為了更加深入具體的掌握農(nóng)民工工資收入存在差距的原因,采用分位數(shù)回歸方法,研究農(nóng)民工不同的工資收入水平下人力資本因素中各變量對其影響的差異。在結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果及調(diào)研地區(qū)的實際情況的基礎上,提出增加農(nóng)民工人力資本儲量的對策建議,以此來增加農(nóng)民工工資性收入。
[Abstract]:Migrant workers are a group with Chinese characteristics born in the reform of China's economic system. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the increasingly convenient transportation, the accelerating speed of information dissemination and the constant change of people's ideology, a large number of rural surplus labor force has been transferred from the countryside to the city to engage in the production of the second and third industries. Since 1978, the proportion of agricultural income in total income of farmers has decreased year by year, while the proportion of income of migrant workers has increased year by year. Farmers' income as a share of household net income per capita has risen from 31% in 2000 to 45% in 2014. Although the increase of wage income has increased the total income of farmers, there is not a small gap between the income of urban residents and that of urban residents. In 2015, the per capita dominant income of urban residents in China reached 31126 yuan, while that of rural residents was only 12057 yuan. To change the current situation of low income level and slow growth of farmers is not only related to farmers' own interests, but also closely related to social stability and sustained and healthy economic development in China. There are many objective reasons for these problems, such as the contradiction between supply and demand in the labor market, the lack of clear and perfect laws and regulations concerning migrant workers, the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas, and so on. However, the fundamental reason for the low income of migrant workers is the insufficient investment in the overall human capital of migrant workers in China, which ultimately leads to their inability to raise their own wages. Therefore, it is of practical significance to use the theory of human capital to study how to increase the income of migrant workers. Taking the landless migrant workers in Anshan City of Liaoning Province as an example, using the relevant theories and methods of human capital investment, this paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of human capital investment on migrant workers' wages and income, and analyzes the actual investigation data by using SPSS software. Fully understand and grasp the current situation of human capital investment and wage income and carry out descriptive statistical analysis. Through analysis, it is found that the human capital investment of migrant workers who have lost cultivated land in Anshan suburb is insufficient, which is mainly manifested by insufficient investment in education, less expenditure on health care, less training times and short time, fewer times of migration and frequent changes of jobs. On this basis, we use "Mincer" model to study the influence of variables in human capital factors and individual characteristics on wage income. At the same time, in order to get a deeper understanding of the reasons for the wage income gap, the quantile regression method is used to study the influence of human capital factors on migrant workers under different wage income levels. Based on the results of data analysis and the actual situation of the investigation area, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase the human capital reserves of migrant workers in order to increase the wage income of migrant workers.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.6;F249.24

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