【摘要】：農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通關(guān)乎農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展,關(guān)乎農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程,在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位和重要性毋庸置疑。缺乏高效率的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系將導(dǎo)致農(nóng)產(chǎn)品(尤其是鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)流通不暢,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)“買難賣難”和“賤賣貴買”并存、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品增產(chǎn)不增收或增產(chǎn)減收等一系列問題。農(nóng)民合作社作為我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈中最主要的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織和制度安排形式之一,它是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系的重要主體,其銷售渠道是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通環(huán)節(jié)的重要組成部分。鑒于此,農(nóng)民合作社的流通效率研究意義關(guān)鍵。本文依據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)效率理論、營(yíng)銷渠道理論和演化經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,研究農(nóng)民合作社農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率與流通渠道的優(yōu)化策略,研究基于江西省147家農(nóng)民合作社鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用DEA模型測(cè)算農(nóng)民合作社農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率,再通過Tobit模型尋找對(duì)農(nóng)民合作社流通效率影響最大的銷售渠道,利用隨機(jī)森林和決策樹方法,尋找高效的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷售渠道及渠道組合。研究得出的結(jié)論如下:(1)當(dāng)前我國農(nóng)民合作社農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率普遍不高;送往加工企業(yè)、商販上門收購、電子商務(wù)作為主要銷售渠道的合作社流通效率相對(duì)較高;合作社參與批發(fā)市場(chǎng)的比重最高,但其作為主要銷售渠道的合作社流通效率不高;合作社參與農(nóng)超對(duì)接的流通效率偏低,不足以成為合作社主要的銷售渠道。(2)批發(fā)市場(chǎng)、商販上門收購、自設(shè)專營(yíng)店三個(gè)變量在模型估計(jì)結(jié)果中達(dá)到顯著水平,農(nóng)民合作社增加這些渠道的銷售比重將提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率。(3)資產(chǎn)總額、農(nóng)超對(duì)接、社區(qū)對(duì)接、商販上門收購是影響農(nóng)民合作社農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率前四重要性的因素;規(guī)模處于中間層的合作社農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率偏低;農(nóng)超對(duì)接比重超過35%合作社流通效率將下降;電子商務(wù)銷售渠道的農(nóng)民合作社流通效率較高,但目前其對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通效率的重要性不高。(4)較小規(guī)模合作社選擇商販上門收購,較大規(guī)模合作社選擇送往加工企業(yè),中等規(guī)模合作社選擇適度比例批發(fā)市場(chǎng)(25%)、農(nóng)超對(duì)接(25%),則合作社流通有效率。最后,本文針對(duì)不同規(guī)模的農(nóng)民合作社分別提出了渠道優(yōu)化策略:較小規(guī)模合作社采用“精細(xì)化”和“聯(lián)合化”策略,中等規(guī)模合作社實(shí)施“選擇型多渠道組合”戰(zhàn)略,較大規(guī)模合作社發(fā)展“縱向協(xié)作”和“垂直一體化”。
[Abstract]:The circulation of agricultural products is related to the development of agricultural industrialization and the process of agricultural modernization. The lack of efficient circulation system of agricultural products will lead to poor circulation of agricultural products (especially fresh and live agricultural products). There are a series of problems in the market of agricultural products, such as "difficult to buy hard to sell" and "expensive to buy at a low price", and a series of problems such as no increase in agricultural production, no increase or decrease in production and income, and so on. As one of the most important forms of industrial organization and institutional arrangement in supply chain of agricultural products, farmers' cooperative is the main body of circulation system of agricultural products, and its marketing channel is an important part of circulation of agricultural products. In view of this, the farmer cooperative circulation efficiency research significance is key. Based on the economic efficiency theory, marketing channel theory and evolutionary economics theory, this paper studies the optimization strategy of agricultural products circulation efficiency and circulation channel in farmers' cooperatives. Based on the investigation data of fresh agricultural products circulation in 147 farmers' cooperatives in Jiangxi Province, this paper uses DEA model to calculate the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in farmers' cooperatives, and then through Tobit model to find the marketing channel that has the greatest influence on the circulation efficiency of farmers' cooperatives. The stochastic forest and decision tree method are used to find efficient marketing channels and combinations of agricultural products. The conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the circulation efficiency of agricultural products of farmers' cooperatives in China is generally not high, and the circulation efficiency of cooperatives sent to processing enterprises, vendors to purchase at home, electronic commerce as the main marketing channel is relatively high; The proportion of cooperative participation in wholesale market is the highest, but the circulation efficiency of cooperatives, as the main marketing channel, is not high; the circulation efficiency of cooperative participation in agricultural superfluous connection is on the low side, which is not enough to become the main marketing channel of cooperative. (2) Wholesale market. In the estimation results of the model, the three variables of the vendor's purchase at home and the establishment of a private store have reached a significant level. Increasing the proportion of these channels will improve the circulation efficiency of agricultural products. (3) the total assets, the agricultural super docking, the community docking, and so on. Peddlers' door-to-door purchase is the first four important factors that affect the circulation efficiency of agricultural products in farmers' cooperatives; the circulation efficiency of agricultural products of cooperatives with scale in the middle level is low; the proportion of agricultural superfluous is more than 35% and the circulation efficiency of cooperatives will decrease. The distribution efficiency of farmers' cooperatives in e-commerce marketing channels is higher, but at present their importance to the circulation efficiency of agricultural products is not high. (4) smaller cooperatives choose vendors to buy them, and larger cooperatives choose to send them to processing enterprises. The medium scale cooperative chooses the moderate proportion wholesale market (25%), the agriculture super docking (25%), then the cooperative circulation efficiency. Finally, this paper puts forward channel optimization strategies for farmers' cooperatives of different scales: smaller cooperatives adopt the strategy of "refinement" and "combination", and medium-sized cooperatives implement the strategy of "selective multi-channel combination". Large-scale cooperatives develop "vertical cooperation" and "vertical integration."
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F321.42;F326.6

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