【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放近四十年來(lái),伴隨著河南省經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的快速增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展質(zhì)量的不斷提高,我省農(nóng)村的變化也是日新月異,尤其是農(nóng)村居民生活質(zhì)量明顯改善、生活檔次明顯提高,我省農(nóng)村居民的日常生活消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)也在悄然發(fā)生著變化,當(dāng)前我省農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)逐步由以基本的生存資料為主開(kāi)始向較高層次的消費(fèi)品轉(zhuǎn)變。正確把握農(nóng)村居民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu),將有利于推動(dòng)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)更加協(xié)調(diào)優(yōu)化發(fā)展。農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理與否日益成為影響我省經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。目前農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)仍受到諸多因素的制約和影響。首先,最顯著最直接因素是農(nóng)民的收入問(wèn)題,由于農(nóng)村的基礎(chǔ)條件比較落后,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民收入水平過(guò)低,而且不同地區(qū)的農(nóng)民的收入差距較大,過(guò)低的收入和收入差距在一定程度上制約了農(nóng)村消費(fèi)的發(fā)展進(jìn)而影響到消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化。其次,消費(fèi)品的價(jià)格和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)也有影響。消費(fèi)品的價(jià)格決定消費(fèi)的需求,價(jià)格上漲需求下降,價(jià)格下跌需求增加,進(jìn)而影響到消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變動(dòng)會(huì)帶動(dòng)消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的變動(dòng),變動(dòng)的速度和規(guī)模以及周期也會(huì)隨之發(fā)生改變,如果產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)在變動(dòng)過(guò)程中受阻,將直接影響到消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展變化。再者,農(nóng)民的自身一些因素也在某種程度上制約著消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理發(fā)展,同時(shí)農(nóng)民的受教育程度也在影響著消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu),受過(guò)高等教育的人群更容懂得去消費(fèi)更容易帶動(dòng)消費(fèi),而沒(méi)有受過(guò)高等教育的人在消費(fèi)上比較盲目容易造成消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理。第四,由于的相關(guān)政策的不健全使農(nóng)民在消費(fèi)方面還有所顧慮,比如子女教育、養(yǎng)老和就醫(yī)問(wèn)題,這些因素給農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)和生活帶來(lái)很大負(fù)擔(dān),間接的制約了農(nóng)村的消費(fèi)發(fā)展進(jìn)而影響到消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理發(fā)展。針對(duì)這些影響農(nóng)民消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的因素,本文在結(jié)合相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)不同收入組做ELES模型分析,并從以下幾個(gè)方面入手:首先,提高農(nóng)民收入,縮小收入差距是優(yōu)化農(nóng)村消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的根本和關(guān)鍵,其次,要穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)價(jià)格,調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和流通渠道,這是優(yōu)化農(nóng)村消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的保障;再者,要致力于更新農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)觀念,從而豐富農(nóng)村精神文化生活,優(yōu)化農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu);第四,應(yīng)該從政府的政策角度入手,完善與農(nóng)民有關(guān)的社會(huì)社會(huì)保障體系,改善農(nóng)民的消費(fèi)和生活環(huán)境,從而推動(dòng)農(nóng)村消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷提升。
[Abstract]:During the past 40 years of reform and opening up, with the rapid growth of the total economic volume and the continuous improvement of the quality of development in Henan Province, the changes in the rural areas of our province have been changing with each passing day, especially the remarkable improvement in the quality of life and the standard of living of the rural residents. The daily life consumption structure of rural residents in our province is also quietly changing. At present, the consumption structure of farmers in our province has gradually begun to change from the basic living materials to the higher level consumer goods. Correctly grasping the consumption structure of rural residents will help to promote more harmonious and optimized development of consumption structure and industrial structure. Whether the consumption structure of rural areas and farmers is reasonable or not has increasingly become an important factor affecting the economic development of our province. At present, the consumption structure of rural areas and farmers is still restricted and influenced by many factors. First of all, the most significant and direct factor is the problem of farmers' income. Because the basic conditions in rural areas are relatively backward, the level of farmers' income is too low, and the income gap among farmers in different regions is large. Too low income and income gap restrict the development of rural consumption to some extent and then affect the optimization of consumption structure. Secondly, the price of consumer goods and industrial structure also have an impact on the consumption structure. The price of consumer goods determines the demand of consumption, the demand of rising price decreases and the demand of falling price increases, which in turn affects the change of consumption structure. The change of industrial structure will lead to the change of consumption structure, and the speed, scale and cycle of the change will also change. If the industrial structure is blocked in the process of change, it will directly affect the development and change of consumption structure. Moreover, some factors of farmers themselves also restrict the rational development of the consumption structure to some extent. At the same time, the education level of the peasants is also affecting the consumption structure, and the people with higher education are more tolerant to understand how to consume, and it is easier to drive consumption. But the person with no higher education is more blind in the consumption easily causes the consumption structure unreasonable. Fourth, because of the imperfection of the relevant policies, farmers still have concerns about their consumption, such as the education of their children, old-age care and medical care. These factors bring a great burden to farmers' production and daily life. Indirectly restricted the development of rural consumption and then affected the rational development of consumption structure. In view of these factors affecting farmers' consumption structure, based on the relevant theories, this paper analyzes the Eles model of different income groups, and starts from the following aspects: first, improve farmers' income, Narrowing the income gap is the fundamental and key to optimizing the rural consumption structure. Secondly, it is necessary to stabilize the market price, adjust the industrial structure and circulation channels, which is the guarantee to optimize the rural consumption structure. In order to enrich the spiritual and cultural life in rural areas and optimize the consumption structure of farmers, fourth, we should start with the government's policy, improve the social security system related to farmers, and improve the consumption and living environment of farmers. So as to promote the rural consumption structure continues to improve.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.8

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本文編號(hào)：2135424