本文選題：山東解放區(qū) + 族田　； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：宗族是中國傳統(tǒng)社會中較普遍的一種組織,宗族之經(jīng)濟支撐族田亦是近代經(jīng)濟史研究的重要內容。土改之前的山東族田來源渠道多元、規(guī)模較小,在管理上通過嚴選管理人、保存所有權信息等方式保護族田。但是土改之前,特別是抗戰(zhàn)期間,由于人地矛盾及戰(zhàn)亂等因素,山東族田總體上是處于增長極緩慢甚至停滯的狀態(tài)。中國共產(chǎn)黨對宗族即族田的態(tài)度與政策是否定的,在其革命實踐中也是一貫而靈活地堅持著。在革命早期,中共在理論、實踐上對宗族、族田采取堅決否定的態(tài)度與措施�？箲�(zhàn)期間,為維護統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線,推行公平負擔,清理地權,同時實行減租減息政策,首次對族田經(jīng)營產(chǎn)生了影響,部分家族順勢對族田經(jīng)管方式進行了調整�？箲�(zhàn)勝利后,通過反奸訴苦、清理黑地,將各權勢戶、漢奸的財產(chǎn)包括其侵、霸的族田進行"階級化"分配。既贏得了廣大農(nóng)民特別是得地農(nóng)民的熱烈支持,同時也使干部能夠掌握了相當一部分"機動田"作為進一步動員民眾的物質基礎。隨著國共和談破裂,各解放區(qū)戰(zhàn)云密布,為贏得農(nóng)民支持,必須進行更深入動員。中共適時調整了策略,對族田的政策發(fā)生了轉變�！毒乓恢甘尽钒l(fā)布后,在膠東等老解放區(qū),借助戰(zhàn)爭緊張形勢族田處理重心由側重反奸、雙減解決無地少地農(nóng)民漸漸轉移到解決軍屬土地、進行戰(zhàn)爭動員上來。通過"公田"的分配-積聚-再分配,將廣布民間的祭田逐漸轉為"復員田"、"軍火田"等戰(zhàn)時"新公田",傳統(tǒng)族田逐漸消解于無形。在此基礎上,筆者還觀察了山東族田在土改中被分配背后的原因:土改分配族田的同時施以建設措施,初步解決貧苦族眾的生產(chǎn)生活問題——這是族田對族眾特別是貧苦族眾經(jīng)濟上的"吸引力"。另外,通過斗爭族長、毀棄祠堂、族譜等從政治上打擊了族權,在摧毀農(nóng)村原有凝聚中心后,通過階級觀點將群眾"組織起來"建立起了新的基層權威,并展開了卓有成效的工作,初步取得了民眾認可,傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村基層權力結構發(fā)生了質變。
[Abstract]:Clan is a common organization in Chinese traditional society, and the economic support of clan is also an important content in the study of modern economic history. Before the land reform, Shandong ethnic fields had multiple sources and small scale, so they were protected by strict selection of managers and preservation of ownership information. But before the land reform, especially during the Anti-Japanese War, because of the contradiction between the people and the land and the war and so on, the Shandong nationality farmland was in the state of extremely slow growth or even stagnation on the whole. The attitude and policy of the Communist Party of China towards the clan is negatived, and it has been consistently and flexibly adhered to in its revolutionary practice. In the early revolutionary period, the Chinese Communist Party took firm negative attitude and measures towards clan and clan in theory and practice. During the War of Resistance against Japan, in order to maintain the United front, carry out fair burden, clean up land rights, and carry out the policy of reducing rent and interest at the same time, for the first time, it had an impact on the management of the clan farm, and some families adjusted the management mode of the clan farm. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, through anti-traitorous complaints, clearing up the black land, the property of all powerful families and traitors, including their invasion, was "classed" distributed in the overlord's ethnic fields. It not only won the enthusiastic support of the peasants, especially the peasants, but also enabled the cadres to master a considerable number of "mobile fields" as the material basis for further mobilization of the people. With the breakdown of the KMT-CPC peace talks, the liberated areas are full of war, and more mobilization must be carried out to win the support of the peasants. The Communist Party of China adjusted its strategy at the right time and changed its policy on ethnic fields. After the issuance of the "91 Directive," in the old liberated areas such as Jiaodong, the focus of dealing with ethnic fields in the tense situation of war shifted from anti-traitors to anti-traitors. The peasants gradually transferred to the military land and mobilized for war. Through the distribution, accumulation and redistribution of "Gong Tian", the widely distributed folk sacrifice fields were gradually converted into "demobilized fields", "munitions fields" and other wartime "new public fields", and the traditional ethnic fields were gradually eliminated from the invisible. On this basis, the author also observed the reasons behind the distribution of Shandong ethnic fields in the land reform: land reform and distribution of ethnic fields at the same time the construction measures, A preliminary solution to the problem of production and life of the poor is the economic attraction of the fields to the poor, especially the poor. In addition, through the struggle for clan leaders, the destruction of ancestral halls and family tree, and so on, they have been politically attacked against clan rights. After destroying the old rural agglomeration centers, the masses were "organized" to establish a new grass-roots authority through the class view. And has launched the fruitful work, has obtained the populace approval preliminarily, the traditional rural grass-roots power structure has taken place the qualitative change.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F329;K269.6

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