本文選題：蘋(píng)果種植戶 + 技術(shù)效率�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和人口的飛速增長(zhǎng),水資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。陜西省是我國(guó)水資源短缺最嚴(yán)重的省份之一,而陜西蘋(píng)果廣泛分布于干旱半干旱的黃土高原區(qū)域,水資源更加匱乏。蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)是陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,近年來(lái)種植面積和產(chǎn)量保持較快增長(zhǎng),在均居于全國(guó)首位。蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展為促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),增加農(nóng)民收入做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。但是水資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀,加之果園灌溉方法落后且灌溉管理比較粗放造成的果園灌溉用水效率低下,嚴(yán)重制約著陜西省蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)的高產(chǎn)高效發(fā)展。水資源的稀缺性和生態(tài)環(huán)境的壓力決定了蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展只有在科學(xué)地利用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)水資源的優(yōu)化配置,提高灌溉用水資源的效率才是實(shí)現(xiàn)蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。為此,本研究提出了三個(gè)問(wèn)題:當(dāng)前蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)中灌溉用水效率現(xiàn)狀如何?什么因素影響灌溉用水效率?通過(guò)以上的分析,當(dāng)前可以采取哪些措施提高灌溉用水效率?本文以從事專業(yè)化蘋(píng)果生產(chǎn)的種植戶作為研究基本單元,以農(nóng)戶灌溉用水作為研究對(duì)象,在借鑒前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行了界定,從技術(shù)效率的視角,基于技術(shù)效率分析的理論框架,構(gòu)建灌溉用水效率的實(shí)證分析模型(SFA-Tobit兩步法),利用陜西省蘋(píng)果基地縣白水縣微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),利用理論分析和實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法,探究蘋(píng)果種植戶灌溉用水效率現(xiàn)狀及影響因素,并提出提高灌溉用水效率的建議。結(jié)果表明:蘋(píng)果種植戶的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率和灌溉用水效率分別為0.73和0.48,灌溉用水效率明顯低于生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率,灌溉用水的節(jié)水潛力巨大。鑒于此,本研究運(yùn)用Tobit模型對(duì)灌溉用水效率的影響因素作進(jìn)一步的回歸分析。結(jié)果表明;(一)蘋(píng)果種植戶戶主的受教育程度、用水的價(jià)格、灌溉次數(shù)、灌溉技術(shù)信息的獲取情況、對(duì)資源短缺的感知程度對(duì)灌溉用水效率呈正相關(guān)的影響。(二)土地細(xì)碎化程度和用水成本對(duì)灌溉用水效率呈負(fù)相關(guān)的影響。(三)農(nóng)戶的年齡、勞動(dòng)力的個(gè)數(shù)、節(jié)水技術(shù)的采用、農(nóng)業(yè)收入占比、灌溉面積、村莊的用水管理政策、輸水方式對(duì)灌溉用水效率并不顯著。最后根據(jù)結(jié)果提出政策建議,筆者認(rèn)為倡導(dǎo)促進(jìn)土地流轉(zhuǎn)、推動(dòng)蘋(píng)果產(chǎn)業(yè)化、推廣節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)、增加對(duì)農(nóng)戶培訓(xùn)、提高農(nóng)民對(duì)水資源短缺的認(rèn)程度等都有利于灌溉用水效率的提高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of global economy and population, water shortage is becoming more and more serious. Shaanxi Province is one of the most serious water shortage provinces in China, and Shaanxi apple widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau region, water resources are even more scarce. The apple industry is one of the important pillar industries in the agricultural economic development of Shaanxi Province. In recent years, the planting area and yield have maintained a relatively rapid growth, ranking first in the country. The development of apple industry has made an important contribution to promoting the transformation of agricultural structure, upgrading industry and increasing farmers' income. However, the shortage of water resources and the low efficiency of irrigation water caused by backward irrigation methods and extensive irrigation management seriously restrict the development of high yield and high efficiency of apple industry in Shaanxi Province. The scarcity of water resources and the pressure of ecological environment determine that the development of apple industry can only realize the optimal allocation of water resources under the condition of scientifically utilizing the existing technology. Improving the efficiency of irrigation water resources is the key to the sustainable development of apple industry. For this reason, this study raised three questions: what is the current situation of irrigation water use efficiency in apple industry? What factors affect irrigation efficiency? Through the above analysis, what measures can be taken to improve the efficiency of irrigation water use? In this paper, the farmers engaged in specialized apple production as the basic unit of research, the irrigation water for farmers as the research object, on the basis of previous research results, this paper defines the relevant concepts, from the perspective of technical efficiency. Based on the theoretical framework of technical efficiency analysis, an empirical analysis model of irrigation water use efficiency (SFA-Tobit two-step method) is constructed. The microcosmic survey data of Baishui County, Apple Base County, Shaanxi Province, and the method of combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis are used. The present situation and influencing factors of irrigation water use efficiency of apple growers were investigated, and suggestions for improving irrigation water use efficiency were put forward. The results showed that the production technical efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of apple growers were 0.73 and 0.48, respectively. The efficiency of irrigation water use was obviously lower than that of production technology, and the water saving potential of irrigation water was great. In view of this, Tobit model was used to make further regression analysis on the influencing factors of irrigation water use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) the education level, water price, irrigation times, access to irrigation technical information and perception of resource shortage had positive correlation with irrigation water use efficiency. (2) the degree of land fragmentation and water cost have negative effects on irrigation water use efficiency. (3) the age of farmers, the number of labor force, the adoption of water-saving technology, the proportion of agricultural income, the irrigation area, the water use management policy of villages, and the way of water transportation are not significant to the efficiency of irrigation water use. Finally, according to the results, the author proposes to promote land circulation, promote apple industrialization, promote water-saving irrigation technology, and increase training for farmers. Increasing farmers' recognition of water shortage is beneficial to the improvement of irrigation water use efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.13;F323.213

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本文編號(hào)：2091814