本文選題：碳排放 + 碳蓄積�。� 參考：《貴州師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀70年代以來,由于二氧化碳等溫室氣體急劇增加所造成全球氣候變暖已帶來了一系列的社會、經(jīng)濟、生態(tài)環(huán)境等方面的問題,嚴重影響了人類社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。人類活動中土地利用變化是引起全球氣候變暖的主要活動之一,已成為除化石能源燃燒排放以外的第二大溫室氣體排放源,約占人為總排放的1/3。因此,研究不同土地利用類型的碳蓄積/碳排放,分析碳排放和土地利用變化之間的定量關(guān)系,不僅能為優(yōu)化土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)減少碳排放提供理論依據(jù),還對區(qū)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)低碳經(jīng)濟具有重要意義.從貴陽市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速最為明顯的十年出發(fā),分析其土地利用變化情況,綜合性地考慮陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳收支和人為源碳排放,測算土地利用變化所造成的碳蓄積與碳排放。進一步的,運用馬爾科夫模型預(yù)測2020年碳排放情況,對土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化和碳排放進行關(guān)聯(lián)性分析,并從低碳經(jīng)濟出發(fā)提出土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的碳增匯和碳減排對策。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在2000-2010年這十年間,耕地、林地和建設(shè)用地的變化最為明顯,耕地減少了448.7790km2,而林地和建設(shè)用地則分別增加了210.0088 km2、200.7948 km2,而草地、水域和未利用地則表現(xiàn)為未發(fā)生變化或變化幅度較小。從土地利用動態(tài)度來看,這十年間貴陽市總體的土地利用變化速度還是比較緩慢的。而土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)上的變化主要表現(xiàn)為:耕地主要轉(zhuǎn)化為林地和建設(shè)用地,分別為229.32km2、178.71km2;建設(shè)用地為主要的轉(zhuǎn)入用地類型,共轉(zhuǎn)入200.5902 km2,而草地、水域和未利用地變化幅度較小。(2)通過對2000年、2010年土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖與土壤類型圖和植被類型圖分別疊加綜合分析后,可以看出貴陽市在這十年期間,陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)整體上來說表現(xiàn)為碳匯,碳匯增加了2576.3203萬t,其中保持用地類型土壤碳蓄積為1802.5532萬t,轉(zhuǎn)變用地類型土壤碳蓄積為106.6694萬t,保持用地類型植被碳蓄積為616.0799萬t,轉(zhuǎn)變用地類型植被碳蓄積為51.0177萬t。而從能源部門、工業(yè)過程和產(chǎn)品使用、農(nóng)林牧部門和廢棄物處理部門測算人為源碳排放,結(jié)果表明,2000年貴陽市土地利用載體上的人為源碳排放達到了2107.9400萬t,到2010年時將近翻了一倍,達到3992.0472萬t,主要是由于貴陽這十年處于快速發(fā)展階段,城市化進程較快,能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)不合理且能源利用率低。其中,2010年貴陽市能源部門排放二氧化碳3464.79萬t,工業(yè)過程和產(chǎn)品使用排放二氧化碳417.34萬t,農(nóng)林牧部門排放二氧化碳42.45萬t,廢棄物處理部門排放二氧化碳67.46萬t。(3)采用馬爾科夫模型預(yù)測2020年土地利用及其碳排放。到2020年,建設(shè)用地面積增長較為明顯,比2010年翻了兩倍多,其他土地利用類型相比于2010年來說有不同程度的下降。預(yù)測到2020年,土壤碳蓄積將達到1120.1620萬t,植被碳蓄積將達到304.8439萬t,碳排放將達到6845.8598萬t,土地利用凈碳排放為5418.7247萬t。與馬爾科夫模型預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)相比,土地利用總體規(guī)劃數(shù)據(jù)相對是滯后的,建設(shè)用地增長最為明顯,對碳排放貢獻最大,而林地、草地、耕地的碳匯水平也不容忽視。(4)針對低碳經(jīng)濟導(dǎo)向下土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,結(jié)合研究區(qū)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及土地利用相關(guān)政策、法規(guī),主要從土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)碳匯優(yōu)化以及水土保持和生態(tài)保護、林地管理、農(nóng)地管理、草地管理等方面提出土地利用碳增匯政策,從土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)碳減排優(yōu)化以及農(nóng)業(yè)碳減排、建設(shè)用地碳減排等方面提出碳減排政策。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, global warming caused by the rapid increase of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, has brought a series of social, economic, ecological and environmental problems, which seriously affected the sustainable development of human society and economy. The change of land use in human activities is one of the main activities of global warming. It has become the second largest greenhouse gas emission source except fossil energy combustion, accounting for about 1/3. of human total emissions. Therefore, the study of carbon storage / carbon emissions from different land use types and the quantitative relationship between carbon emission and land use change can not only provide a theoretical basis for optimizing land use structure to reduce carbon emissions, but also provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of carbon emissions. It is of great significance to realize the low carbon economy in the region. From the ten years of rapid economic development in Guiyang, the change of land use, carbon budget of land ecosystem and anthropogenic carbon emissions are synthetically considered, and the carbon accumulation and carbon emission caused by land use change are calculated. Further, the Markoff model is used. In order to predict the carbon emissions in 2020, the relationship between land use structure change and carbon emissions is analyzed, and the Countermeasures of carbon increase and carbon emission reduction are put forward from the low carbon economy. The main results are as follows: (1) in the ten years of 2000-2010 years, the change of cultivated land, forest land and construction land is the most obvious, and the cultivated land has decreased by 448. .7790km2, while woodland and construction land increased by 210.0088 km2200.7948 km2 respectively, while grassland, water and unused land showed no change or small change. From the land use dynamics, the overall land use change rate of Guiyang was relatively slow during the ten years. The main manifestations are: the main transformation of cultivated land to woodland and construction land, respectively, 229.32km2178.71km2, construction land as the main transfer to land type, a total of 200.5902 km2, and grassland, water and unused land change less. (2) through the 2000, 2010 land use status map and soil type map and vegetation type map superposition After the comprehensive analysis, it can be seen that during the ten years in Guiyang, the terrestrial ecosystem on the whole showed carbon sequestration, and the carbon sink increased by 25 million 763 thousand and 203 T, of which the soil carbon storage of the land type was 18 million 25 thousand and 532 T, the soil carbon accumulation of the land type was 1 million 66 thousand and 694 T, the land type vegetation carbon storage was 6 million 160 thousand and 799 T, and the change was used. The land type vegetation carbon storage was 510 thousand and 177 T. and the anthropogenic carbon emissions were measured from the energy sector, industrial process and product use, the agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry department and the waste disposal department. The results showed that the anthropogenic carbon emissions from the Guiyang land use carrier reached 21 million 79 thousand and 400 t in 2000, and nearly doubled to 39 million 920 thousand and 472 t by 2010. If Guiyang is in the rapid development stage in the ten years, the process of urbanization is faster, the energy consumption structure is unreasonable and the utilization rate of energy is low. In 2010, the energy department of Guiyang City discharged 34 million 647 thousand and 900 t of carbon dioxide, 4 million 173 thousand and 400 t of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and products, 424 thousand and 500 t of carbon dioxide from agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry department, and waste place 674 thousand and 600 T. (3) T. (3) was used to predict land use and carbon emissions in 2020. By 2020, the area of construction land growth was more obvious, more than two times more than in 2010, and the other land use types had a different degree of decline compared to 2010. The soil carbon storage will reach 1120.162 in 2020. 0 million T, vegetation carbon accumulation will reach 3 million 48 thousand and 439 T, carbon emissions will reach 68 million 458 thousand and 598 T, land use net carbon emissions to 54 million 187 thousand and 247 T. compared with the Markoff model forecast data, the land use overall planning data is relatively lagging, the construction land growth is most obvious, the largest contribution to carbon emissions, and woodland, grassland, cultivated land carbon sink level (4) in view of the optimization of land use structure under the guidance of low carbon economy, combined with the development status of the research area and the relevant policies of land use, laws and regulations, mainly from the land use structure carbon sequestration optimization, soil and water conservation and ecological protection, woodland management, farmland management, grassland management and other aspects of land use carbon sequestration policy, from land benefit. Carbon emission reduction policy is proposed in terms of structural carbon reduction optimization, agricultural carbon emission reduction, and carbon emission reduction in construction land.
【學位授予單位】：貴州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F301.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王越;宋戈;王盼盼;;松嫩高平原土地利用類型變化特征及時空格局研究[J];干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境;2017年04期

2 燕騰;彭一航;王效科;蘇凱文;陳路紅;鄭偉;鞏合德;;西南5省市區(qū)森林植被碳儲量及碳密度估算[J];西北林學院學報;2016年04期

3 趙榮欽;劉英;丁明磊;張戰(zhàn)平;黃賢金;秦耀辰;;區(qū)域二元碳收支的理論方法研究進展[J];地理科學進展;2016年05期

4 方精云;于貴瑞;任小波;劉國華;趙新全;;中國陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳效應(yīng)——中國科學院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項“應(yīng)對氣候變化的碳收支認證及相關(guān)問題”之生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳任務(wù)群研究進展[J];中國科學院院刊;2015年06期

5 楊帆;黃麟;邵全琴;包玉海;;1990-2050年間貴州省東南部森林植被碳蓄積及固碳潛力分析[J];地球信息科學學報;2015年03期

6 馬曉哲;王錚;;土地利用變化對區(qū)域碳源匯的影響研究進展[J];生態(tài)學報;2015年17期

7 曾永年;陳曉玲;靳文憑;;近10a青海高原東部土地利用/覆被變化及碳效應(yīng)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報;2014年16期

8 孟祥海;程國強;張俊飚;王宇波;周海川;;中國畜牧業(yè)全生命周期溫室氣體排放時空特征分析[J];中國環(huán)境科學;2014年08期

9 張俊峰;張安錄;董捷;;武漢城市圈土地利用碳排放效應(yīng)分析及因素分解研究[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2014年05期

10 劉明達;蒙吉軍;劉碧寒;;國內(nèi)外碳排放核算方法研究進展[J];熱帶地理;2014年02期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 楊倩;不同土地利用方式對土壤碳素平衡影響的研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2005年

，

本文編號：2075484