本文選題：耕地質(zhì)量 + 障礙因子　； 參考：《長安大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,地域廣闊,山脈縱橫,人口眾多,人均耕地面積在世界排名遠遠靠后。耕地質(zhì)量總體上偏低,土地問題日益突出,耕地退化、水土流失、土地沙漠化、耕地污染以及長期高強度、超負荷利用,嚴重影響耕地產(chǎn)出,也對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展形成威脅。國家每年的耕地占補平衡、增減掛鉤項目,雖說保證了耕地的數(shù)量,但每每都是以次充好,偏遠的、質(zhì)量差的耕地代替了優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地,致使糧食總產(chǎn)量不斷下降,造成糧食安全隱患。在人均耕地面積少的情況下,提高耕地質(zhì)量是解決國家糧食安全問題的有效途徑之一。本文基于長安區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等別更新評價成果,利用“耕地質(zhì)量自然等—限制型評價體系”,借助ARCGIS的數(shù)據(jù)處理、緩沖區(qū)分析、地圖出圖等功能,綜合長安區(qū)地形地貌、土壤理化性質(zhì)、農(nóng)田基礎設施建設等因素分析影響耕地質(zhì)量的障礙因子。本文以長安區(qū)為例,應用上述方法明確耕地質(zhì)量的自然等別、限制型因子有效土層厚度、土壤剖面構型、土壤有機質(zhì)含量、地形坡度、灌溉保證率、土壤鹽漬化程度、灌溉水源、排水條件。借助ARCGIS緩沖區(qū)分析影響耕地質(zhì)量的障礙因子,運用科學合理的技術手段,通過增加有土壤效土層厚度、土地平整、改良土壤條件、改善灌溉條件等措施,進而提高長安區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等別,再利用“耕地質(zhì)量自然等—限制型評價體系“”,計算出提升后的耕地的國家級自然等。通過比較提升前后耕地作物產(chǎn)量的差值,來反應長安區(qū)耕地生產(chǎn)潛力的大小。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country with vast area, wide mountain range, large population, and the per capita cultivated land is far from the lowest in the world. The quality of cultivated land is on the low side, the problem of land becomes more and more prominent, the degradation of cultivated land, soil erosion, desertification of land, cultivated land pollution and long-term high intensity and overload utilization seriously affect the output of cultivated land. It is also a threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products and the sustainable development of agriculture. The country's annual cultivated land share and supplement balance, the increase or decrease of the linked projects, although the amount of arable land has been guaranteed, but often is substandard, remote, poor quality arable land instead of high-quality farmland, resulting in a continuous decline in total grain production, Cause hidden trouble of grain security. Improving the quality of cultivated land is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of national food security. Based on the evaluation results of cultivated land quality in Changan district, this paper synthesizes the topography and geomorphology of Changan area by means of "cultivated land quality natural equal-restricted evaluation system", with the help of ARCGIS data processing, buffer analysis, map mapping and other functions. Soil physical and chemical properties, farmland infrastructure construction and other factors affecting the quality of arable land were analyzed. In this paper, taking Changan district as an example, we use the above methods to determine the natural equality of cultivated land quality, the thickness of available soil layer, soil profile configuration, soil organic matter content, topographic slope, irrigation guarantee rate and soil salinization degree. Water source for irrigation, drainage conditions. With the aid of ARCGIS buffer zone analysis of the obstacle factors affecting the quality of cultivated land, scientific and reasonable technical means are used to improve the soil quality by increasing the effective soil layer thickness, leveling the land, improving the soil conditions, improving the irrigation conditions, and so on. In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Changan district, and then calculate the national nature of cultivated land after upgrading by using the "natural equal-limited evaluation system of cultivated land quality". By comparing the difference of cultivated land crop yield before and after raising, the potential of cultivated land production in Changan district was reflected.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S15;F323.211

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