本文選題：土地利用格局 + 地形梯度�。� 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地形因子對(duì)土地利用格局與變化有重要影響。本文基于GIS平臺(tái),采用地形位指數(shù)、分布指數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)移分布指數(shù)和土地利用強(qiáng)度指數(shù)方法,運(yùn)用土地利用轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣模型、Markov模型和二元Logistic回歸模型,研究了2009-2014年廣河縣土地利用格局和土地利用類型轉(zhuǎn)移情況的地形梯度特征,揭示了在地形因子影響下土地利用類型分布及變化規(guī)律。剖析了影響耕地、林地、草地、建設(shè)用地、水域和未利用地分布的關(guān)鍵影響因素。結(jié)果表明:(1)廣河縣土地利用類型以耕地與草地為主,呈西南耕東北草分布。2009-2014年間,呈現(xiàn)各土地利用類型向建設(shè)用地轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢,其中耕地是建設(shè)用地主要轉(zhuǎn)入源,草地是耕地主要補(bǔ)給源。(2)從地形起伏梯度上看,隨地形起伏度的增加,土地利用類型相互轉(zhuǎn)變的活躍度減少。低地形起伏區(qū)域,各土地利用類型向建設(shè)用地轉(zhuǎn)移活躍;高地形起伏區(qū)域,主要表現(xiàn)為草地向耕地和建設(shè)用地轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢。(3)從坡度梯度上看,隨坡度的增加,土地利用類型相互轉(zhuǎn)換的活躍度減少。坡度小的區(qū)域,水域、建設(shè)用地和耕地分布集中,表現(xiàn)為耕地向建設(shè)用地轉(zhuǎn)移的活躍趨勢。中坡度區(qū)域,林地、未利用地分布集中。坡度大的區(qū)域,草地分布集中,土地利用類型轉(zhuǎn)移很不活躍。(4)從坡向上看,土地利用類型轉(zhuǎn)移活躍度:平坡半陽坡半陰坡陰坡陽坡。平坡地理?xiàng)l件最好,表現(xiàn)為各土地利用類型向建設(shè)用地轉(zhuǎn)移的活躍趨勢。陽坡太陽輻射大、溫度較高,比較缺水。陰坡太陽輻射少、溫度低。廣河縣位處西北干旱區(qū),水分是最大限制性因子。所以半陽坡與半陰坡的土地利用類型轉(zhuǎn)移活躍度大于陰坡與陽坡。(5)從地形位梯度上看,低地形位區(qū)域,水域、建設(shè)用地和耕地分布集中,中地形位區(qū)域,林地分布集中,高地形位區(qū)域,草地、未利用地分布集中。1-3級(jí)地形位,表現(xiàn)出水域、未利用地、林地與建設(shè)用地間活躍的相互轉(zhuǎn)化趨勢。3級(jí)以上地形位,草地變化趨勢最活躍。(6)未來15年間,土地利用格局依然是耕地草地林地建設(shè)用地水域未利用地,建設(shè)用地處于增加態(tài)勢。(7)顯著影響耕地分布的因素包括坡向、坡度、高程、勞動(dòng)力占比、人均純收入、人口密度、距縣城的距離、距建制鎮(zhèn)的距離、距公路的距離、距村莊的距離和距離采礦用地的距離。其中,關(guān)鍵因素是坡度;顯著影響林地分布的因素包括坡向、地形位、坡度、人均純收入、人口密度、距縣城的距離、距建制鎮(zhèn)的距離、距河流的距離、距公路的距離、距村莊的距離和距離采礦用地的距離。其中,關(guān)鍵因素是地形位;顯著影響草地分布的因素包括坡向、地形位、坡度、高程、人均純收入、人口密度、距河流的距離和距離村莊的距離。其中,關(guān)鍵因素是地形位;顯著影響建設(shè)用地分布的因素包括地形位、高程、距建制鎮(zhèn)的距離、距公路的距離和距離村莊的距離。其中,關(guān)鍵因素是地形位;顯著影響水域分布的因素包括地形位、距縣城的距離、距建制鎮(zhèn)的距離、距河流的距離和距離村莊的距離。其中,關(guān)鍵因素是距建制鎮(zhèn)的距離;顯著影響未利用地分布的因素包括地形位、高程、距建制鎮(zhèn)的距離、距河流的距離和距離采礦用地的距離,其中,關(guān)鍵因素是地形位。(8)最可能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻ㄔO(shè)用地的耕地所在區(qū)域,位于建設(shè)用地與耕地等競爭優(yōu)勢區(qū)域;最可能補(bǔ)給耕地的草地所在區(qū)域,位于草地與耕地等競爭優(yōu)勢區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:Topographic factors have an important influence on land use pattern and change. Based on the GIS platform, the landuse index, distribution index, transfer distribution index and land use intensity index are used in this paper. The land use transfer matrix model, Markov model and two element Logistic regression model are used to study the land use pattern and the land use pattern of Guanghe County in 2009-2014 years. The terrain gradient characteristics of land use type transfer, reveal the distribution and change law of land use types under the influence of topographic factors. The key factors affecting the distribution of cultivated land, woodland, grassland, construction land, water and unused land are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the type of land use in Guanghe county is mainly cultivated land and grassland, and it is West. The distribution of land use type to construction land is the trend of the transfer of land use type to construction land in.2009-2014 years, in which the cultivated land is the main source of construction land, and the grassland is the main supply source of cultivated land. (2) from the terrain fluctuation gradient, the fluctuation degree of the land use type is increased, the activity of land use type change decreases. The low terrain undulating area is reduced. The land use type is active to the construction land, and the highland fluctuating area is mainly shown as the trend of the transfer of the grassland to the cultivated land and the construction land. (3) from the gradient gradient, with the increase of the gradient, the active degree of the conversion of land use types is reduced. The small area of the slope, the water area, the construction land and the cultivated land are concentrated, showing the cultivation of cultivated land. The active trend of land transfer to construction land. Slope area, woodland, unused land distribution. The area with large slope, grassland distribution centralization, land use type transfer is very inactive. (4) from the slope to see, the land use type transfer activity: flat slope half Yang slope half shade slope sunny slope. The flat slope geographical conditions are best, performance of the land benefits The active trend of transfer from type to construction land. The sun radiation of Yang slope is large, the temperature is higher, the water is less and the temperature is low. The water is the most restrictive factor in the northwest arid area of Guanghe county. So the transition degree of the land use type of the semi sunny slope and the half shade slope is larger than the shade slope and the sunny slope. (5) from the terrain position gradient. It is found that the low land area, water area, construction land and cultivated land distribution centralization, middle terrain position area, forest land distribution centralization, highland shape area, grassland and unused land distribution centralized.1-3 level terrain position, showing water area, unused land, the active mutual transformation trend of.3 level terrain between the woodland and construction land, and the most active grassland change trend. 6) in the next 15 years, the land use pattern is still unused land in the water area of cultivated land and grassland, and the construction land is increasing. (7) the factors affecting the distribution of cultivated land include slope direction, slope, height, labor ratio, per capita net income, population density, distance from the county town, distance from the town, distance from the road, distance from the road, and the distance from the village. The distance and distance from the mining land. Among them, the key factor is the slope; the factors that significantly affect the distribution of woodlands include slope direction, terrain position, slope, per capita net income, population density, distance from the county town, distance from the town, distance from the river, distance from the highway, distance from the village, distance from the village and the distance from the mining land. The key factor is the terrain position; the factors that affect the distribution of the grassland include slope direction, terrain position, slope, height, per capita net income, population density, distance from the river and distance from the village. Among them, the key factor is the terrain position; the factors that affect the distribution of the construction land include terrain, elevation, distance from the town, distance from the road. The key factor is terrain position, the distance from the town, the distance from the town, the distance from the river and the distance from the village. The key factor is the distance from the town, and the factors that affect the unused distribution include terrain position and elevation, The distance from the town, distance from the river and the distance from the mining land, among them, the key factor is the terrain position. (8) the most likely area of the cultivated land, which is most likely to be transformed into a construction land, is located in the competitive advantage areas such as the construction land and the cultivated land, and the most likely area of the grassland in the grassland and the cultivated land, which is most likely to recharge the cultivated land, is in the competitive advantage area of grassland and cultivated land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2

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