本文選題：土地利用變化 + 生態(tài)環(huán)境效應��； 參考：《江西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2001年以來,在“以工業(yè)化為核心,以大開放為主戰(zhàn)略”的發(fā)展思路指引下,江西興起工業(yè)園區(qū)建設的熱潮,工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化進程實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。近幾年來,在鄱陽湖生態(tài)經濟區(qū)、贛南等原中央蘇區(qū)、贛江新區(qū)、贛東北擴大開放合作、贛西經濟轉型等國家層級和省域層級國土空間開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的交織與疊加下,江西省各區(qū)域板塊將實現(xiàn)快速發(fā)展,江西省“龍頭昂起、兩翼齊飛、蘇區(qū)振興”的區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略目標將逐步實現(xiàn)。因而,高速的工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化進程及省域經濟格局的重塑勢必對江西省國土開發(fā)格局、方向、強度產生深遠影響,厘清土地資源開發(fā)過程土地利用變化強度與速率、用途轉換、驅動機制及其生態(tài)環(huán)境效應,是江西區(qū)域發(fā)展和生態(tài)建設需要面對的重要課題。土地利用變化作為揭示區(qū)域生態(tài)安全格局的重要視角,借助RS/GIS等技術手段,利用土地利用數據的易得性和高效性,可實現(xiàn)對區(qū)域土地利用生態(tài)安全狀況的動態(tài)評估,進而構建土地利用生態(tài)安全格局,為區(qū)域土地資源可持續(xù)利用與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護和管理提供借鑒。從結構特征、動態(tài)度特征、空間轉移特征、景觀特征四個方面分析和探討了江西省2005-2013年土地利用時空變化特征,隨著建設用地急劇擴張和耕地面積銳減,研究區(qū)土地利用結構發(fā)生明顯變化,林地和耕地是江西省主要用地類型,動態(tài)度分析顯示江西省土地利用變化速度呈下降趨勢,各地類增減變化差異顯著,依據動態(tài)度將江西省劃分為急劇變化、快速變化、慢速變化、極慢變化四種不同類型區(qū)。耕地與建設用地、林地三者之間的用途轉換占主導地位,非農化特征突出。江西省景觀特征表現(xiàn)為景觀異質性減弱、景觀均衡性增強、景觀破碎度上升。從生態(tài)風險、生境質量兩個層面對江西省土地利用變化的生態(tài)環(huán)境效應進行探討。構建了基于土地利用結構的生態(tài)風險評價模型,結果顯示,在土地利用轉移非農化背景下,土地利用生態(tài)風險呈小幅上升趨勢,在空間分布上具有顯著相關性,依據空間差值結果可將研究區(qū)劃分為低生態(tài)風險區(qū)、較低生態(tài)風險區(qū)、中等生態(tài)風險區(qū)、較高生態(tài)風險區(qū)、高生態(tài)風險區(qū)5類,高風險區(qū)域主要分布在濱湖區(qū)、南昌、九江及贛中部分地區(qū),生態(tài)風險等級分布與地形存在顯著相關性,隨著生態(tài)風險等級提高,分布區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出明顯的地形指向性�；贗NVEST生境質量模塊的評估結果表明,土地利用變化劇烈的鄱陽湖五河流域(贛江、撫河、信江、饒河、修水)生境質量時空分異性較強,贛江流域最為突出,各流域生境質量狀況具有一定的分段特征。土地利用變化下的生境質量與生態(tài)風險呈負相關關系,二者結果具有較好的相互驗證關系。生態(tài)安全格局方面:在土地利用變化及其生態(tài)效應綜合研究的基礎上,從生態(tài)安全和土地資源的可持續(xù)利用角度出發(fā),進一步探求構建江西省土地利用生態(tài)安全格局。從斑塊面積、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務價值、生境質量角度對研究區(qū)生態(tài)用地綜合評價,識別和提取了研究區(qū)生態(tài)源地,從地形地貌、生態(tài)環(huán)境、景觀空間格局等方面選取7項指標構建了生態(tài)源地的綜合擴張阻力表面,借助ArcGIS距離分析模塊,運用最小累積阻力模型計算得到研究區(qū)生態(tài)源地擴張最小累積阻力值。進一步進行生態(tài)分區(qū)。在此基礎上,借助ArcGIS最小耗費路徑工具及水文分析模塊,分別提取了研究區(qū)潛在生態(tài)廊道和輻射通道,形成了江西省生態(tài)廊道網絡。生態(tài)源/匯點、生態(tài)源地、生態(tài)廊道、生態(tài)分區(qū)等生態(tài)空間組分,共同構建了包含“點—線—區(qū)”的多層次多要素的綜合生態(tài)安全格局。
[Abstract]:Since 2001, under the guidance of the development of "the core of industrialization and the strategy of big opening up", Jiangxi has developed an upsurge of industrial park construction. The process of industrialization and urbanization has achieved great leap forward development. In recent years, in the Poyang Lake eco economic zone, the southern Jiangxi Province, the Ganjiang new area, the Northeast Jiangxi Province expanded open cooperation and the West Jiangxi Province. With the interweaving and superposition of national and provincial level land space development strategies, the regional plates of Jiangxi province will achieve rapid development. The regional development strategy of Jiangxi province "leading, two wings and the revitalization of the Soviet Area" will be gradually realized. Therefore, the high speed industrialization and urbanization process and the economic pattern of the province will be heavy. It is bound to have a profound influence on the pattern, direction and intensity of the land development in Jiangxi province. To clarify the intensity and rate of land use change in the development process of land resources, the conversion of use, the driving mechanism and the ecological environment effect, is an important subject that the regional development and ecological construction in Jiangxi need to face. Land use change is used to reveal the regional ecological security. The important perspective of the pattern, with the help of RS/GIS and other technical means, using the availability and efficiency of land use data, can realize the dynamic assessment of the ecological security situation of regional land use, and then construct the ecological security pattern of land use, and provide reference for the sustainable utilization of land resources and the protection and management of the ecosystem. The characteristics of spatial and temporal change of land use in Jiangxi province for 2005-2013 years were analyzed and discussed in four aspects. The land use structure of the study area changed obviously with the rapid expansion of construction land and the sharp decrease of cultivated land area. The forest land and cultivated land were the main land-use types in Jiangxi Province, and the dynamic degree analysis showed that the dynamic degree analysis showed that the land use structure of the study area was the main land use type. The change rate of land use change in Jiangxi province is declining, and the variation of various types of land use and decrease is significant. According to the dynamic degree, Jiangxi province is divided into four different types, which are rapid change, slow change and very slow change. The conversion of cultivated land and construction land, the conversion of the use of the three of the woodland is dominant, and the characteristics of non agricuction are prominent. The Jiangxi province is a scenic spot. The features of landscape heterogeneity are the weakening of landscape heterogeneity, the enhancement of landscape equilibrium and the increase of landscape fragmentation. The ecological environmental effects of land use change in Jiangxi province are discussed from two layers of ecological risk and habitat quality. An ecological risk assessment model based on land use structure is constructed. The results show that the land use transfer is not agricultural background. On the other hand, the ecological risk of land use has a small upward trend and has a significant correlation in spatial distribution. According to the spatial difference results, the research areas can be divided into low ecological risk areas, low ecological risk areas, medium ecological risk areas, high ecological risk areas and high ecological risk areas, and high risk areas are mainly distributed in the lake area, Nanchang, Jiujiang. There is a significant correlation between the ecological risk grade distribution and the terrain in the middle part of the central Jiangxi Province. With the increase of the ecological risk grade, the distribution region shows obvious terrain directivity. The evaluation results based on the INVEST habitat quality module show that the Poyang Lake five river basin (Ganjiang, Fu River, Xinjiang, Rao River and water repair) habitats with severe land use changes The spatial and temporal diversity is strong and the Ganjiang River Basin is the most prominent. The quality of each watershed has a certain segment characteristics. The habitat quality under the land use changes has a negative correlation with the ecological risk. The two results have a better mutual validation relationship. On the basis of the ecological security and the sustainable utilization of land resources, the ecological security pattern of land use in Jiangxi province is further explored and constructed. From the patch area, the ecosystem service value and the habitat quality, the ecological land of the study area is evaluated comprehensively, and the ecological source area of the study area is identified and extracted, from the topographic landform and the ecological environment. In the landscape spatial pattern and so on, 7 indexes are selected to construct the comprehensive expansion resistance surface of the ecological source area. With the help of the ArcGIS distance analysis module, the minimum cumulative resistance value of the ecological source expansion in the study area is calculated by the minimum cumulative resistance model. On the basis of this, the ArcGIS minimum cost path tool is used. The hydrological analysis module has extracted the potential ecological corridors and radiation channels in the study area, and formed the ecological corridor network in Jiangxi Province, ecological source / sink, ecological source land, ecological corridor, ecological zoning and other ecological space components, together to construct a comprehensive ecological security pattern including multi elements of "point to line area".
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171;F301.24

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