本文選題：中藥材 + 溯源��； 參考：《北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中藥材是中醫(yī)藥和大健康產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),中藥材市場流通過程存在較多問題,傳統(tǒng)中藥材市場產(chǎn)品單一、交易方式落后,以次充好、以假充真問題嚴(yán)重；流通環(huán)節(jié)囤積居奇、惡意炒作事件屢屢出現(xiàn),部分藥材價格波動劇烈,市場信息扭曲失真；而新興中藥材電子商務(wù)剛剛起步,缺乏交易規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；另外,中藥材生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的信息化網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)滯后。因此,急需建立中藥材從種植(養(yǎng)殖)、加工、收購、儲存、運輸、銷售到使用全過程可溯源體系,實現(xiàn)來源可查、去向可追、責(zé)任可究,從而有效保障中藥材的用藥安全。本研究基于DNA條形碼和二維碼、LAMP (Linux+Apache+My SQL+PHP)系統(tǒng)等技術(shù),構(gòu)建了基于DNA條形碼的中藥材信息溯源系統(tǒng)。具體內(nèi)容如下：(1)首先,針對中藥材流通源頭——種子/種苗進(jìn)行DNA條形碼鑒定,以確保流通過程中種質(zhì)資源的正確性。DNA提取是DNA條形碼鑒定方法的關(guān)鍵步驟之一。本研究針對油脂含量高、個體較小、具有堅硬或厚外殼等類型的種子進(jìn)行了DNA提取方法的優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后,可以穩(wěn)定快速得到高純度DNA。共獲得20科26屬37種290條中藥材種子種苗DNA條形碼序列,其中有259條ITS2序列,31條psbA-trnH序列。(2)其次,對中藥材流通末端——市場藥材進(jìn)行DNA條形碼鑒定驗證。本研究從不同的藥材類型入手,選取了根莖類藥材(三七、獨活)、葉片類藥材(冬凌草)以及真菌類藥材(靈芝)作為研究對象,對其在中藥材市場中常見的藥材類型(如生藥、粉末等)進(jìn)行DNA條形碼鑒定研究。由于某些市售藥材已經(jīng)過炮制加工處理,DNA可能已經(jīng)降解,增加了DNA提取和PCR擴(kuò)增的困難,因此對于各種不同類型的藥材進(jìn)行了實驗方法的優(yōu)化。(3)搭建了包括DNA條形碼信息在內(nèi)的從種子/種苗→種植基地栽培→生產(chǎn)加工→經(jīng)銷的中藥材流通過程的信息記錄和追溯功能的中藥材溯源系統(tǒng)。此系統(tǒng)基于LAMP平臺構(gòu)建而成,以二維碼圖片作為信息傳遞載體,以BLAST方法作DNA條形碼序列鑒定工具。此中藥材溯源系統(tǒng)可提供中藥材流通信息記錄和追溯的功能,為中藥材行業(yè)中溯源系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建提供相應(yīng)參考。該系統(tǒng)主要有以下功能：1)中藥材種子/種苗提供商可以通過該系統(tǒng)提交種子/種苗DNA條形碼信息,該信息有利于監(jiān)督管理部門對中藥材真?zhèn)芜M(jìn)行管理；2)消費者可以通過該系統(tǒng)追溯中藥材商品的生產(chǎn)廠家、原料來源、種植基地的種植時間、農(nóng)藥化肥使用等情況；3)生產(chǎn)加工企業(yè)可以通過該系統(tǒng)追溯中藥材原料的種植過程信息,依據(jù)原料的種植情況對原料進(jìn)行選擇,保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:Chinese herbal medicine is the material basis of the development of traditional Chinese medicine and great health industry. There are many problems in the circulation process of traditional Chinese medicine market. Hoarding and hoarding in circulation links, malicious speculation, violent fluctuations in the prices of some medicinal materials and distorted market information; while e-commerce of new Chinese medicinal materials has just started and lacks trade norms and standards; in addition, The information network construction of production and management of Chinese medicinal materials lags behind. Therefore, it is urgent to establish the traceability system from cultivation (cultivation, processing, purchase, storage, transportation and sale) to the use of the whole process of traditional Chinese medicine, so that the source can be traced, the direction can be traced, and the responsibility can be investigated, so as to effectively guarantee the safety of the use of Chinese medicinal materials. Based on DNA bar code and QR code / lamp Apache My SQL PHP) system, the information traceability system of Chinese herbal medicine based on DNA bar code is constructed. The main contents are as follows: (1) first of all, the identification of DNA bar code for seed / seedling, which is the source of circulation of Chinese medicinal materials, is one of the key steps in the identification of DNA bar code to ensure the correctness of germplasm resources in circulation. In this study, DNA extraction methods were optimized for seeds with high oil content, small individual and hard or thick shell. After optimization, high purity DNA can be obtained stably and quickly. The DNA barcode sequences of seed seedlings of Chinese medicinal materials belonging to 20 families, 26 genera and 37 species were obtained. Among them, there were 259 ITS2 sequences and 31 psbA-trnH sequences. Secondly, DNA bar code was used to identify the end of circulation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. In this study, we selected rhizome medicinal materials (Panax notoginseng, Radix Notoginseng), leaf medicinal materials (oridox) and fungi medicinal materials (Ganoderma lucidum) as the research objects. The DNA bar code was used to identify the common types of medicinal materials (such as raw medicine, powder, etc.) in the Chinese herbal medicine market. Because some commercial herbs have been processed and processed, the DNA may have been degraded, which increases the difficulty of DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Therefore, we have optimized the experimental methods for different types of medicinal materials. Y3) We have built the information of the circulation process of Chinese medicinal materials produced and processed from the seed / seedling planting base, including the information of DNA bar code. A traceability system for recording and tracing Chinese medicinal materials. The system is based on the LAMP platform. It takes the two-dimensional code picture as the information transfer carrier and the BLAST method as the DNA barcode sequence identification tool. This traceability system can provide the function of information recording and tracing in circulation of Chinese medicinal materials, and provide reference for the construction of traceability system in Chinese herbal medicine industry. The system mainly has the following function: 1) the seed / seedling provider of Chinese herbal medicine can submit DNA barcode information of seed / seedling through this system. This information is conducive to the supervision and management of the authenticity of Chinese medicinal materials by the regulatory authorities. Consumers can trace through the system the time of planting of the manufacturers, the source of raw materials, and the planting base of Chinese medicinal materials. The production and processing enterprises can trace back the information of the planting process of the raw materials of Chinese medicinal materials and select the raw materials according to the planting conditions of the raw materials to ensure the quality of the products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.12;Q943

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