本文選題：制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) + 漁村經(jīng)濟(jì)　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)的中國(guó),農(nóng)村人口占約60%,三農(nóng)即農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民的問(wèn)題,一直是我國(guó)待解決的嚴(yán)重又迫切的問(wèn)題,跟國(guó)家的整體經(jīng)濟(jì)密切相關(guān)。經(jīng)過(guò)改革開(kāi)放將近四十年的時(shí)間,我國(guó)總體上達(dá)到了以城帶鄉(xiāng)、以工促農(nóng)的發(fā)展階段。漁業(yè)作為農(nóng)業(yè)的一個(gè)分支,漁村是農(nóng)村的有機(jī)組成部分,農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,漁村整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和漁民素質(zhì)的提高,對(duì)于整個(gè)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和繁榮非常重要。自從我國(guó)實(shí)行家庭承包責(zé)任制以后,集體經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)于增加農(nóng)民收入且在農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中扮演者重要的角色。隨之集體經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的變遷在學(xué)術(shù)研究中變得尤為重要。官塢村以漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)為主,漁村個(gè)案的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)及其成果教訓(xùn)對(duì)整個(gè)漁業(yè)的發(fā)展具有積極的指導(dǎo)意義。自1978年改革開(kāi)放至今,近40年來(lái)是我國(guó)漁民受益最大,漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最快的時(shí)期,漁政部門和地方政府關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)也一直包含漁村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的調(diào)查。在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期,官塢村是一個(gè)漁業(yè)基層經(jīng)營(yíng)生產(chǎn)大隊(duì),其海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和漁業(yè)管理體制原來(lái)是“大包干”轉(zhuǎn)向“家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制”,隨著我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的開(kāi)放,逐步向“以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包為基礎(chǔ)的統(tǒng)分結(jié)合雙層經(jīng)營(yíng)體制”的轉(zhuǎn)型。但其改革的內(nèi)容與形式又有自身特色,探索出了“農(nóng)戶+村公司(集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織)+市場(chǎng)”的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式,發(fā)展成家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制。官塢村的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式由最初的“農(nóng)戶+市場(chǎng)”模式發(fā)展到“農(nóng)戶+村公司+市場(chǎng)”模式再到當(dāng)前的兩種模式并存,官塢村的這種變遷離不開(kāi)制度的影響,筆者通過(guò)本文從制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度來(lái)分析官塢村的經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷,依照馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基本觀點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),生產(chǎn)關(guān)系必須適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,當(dāng)時(shí)官塢村海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的條件是分散經(jīng)營(yíng)的,分散漁民有差異化,其總體意愿有所不同,根據(jù)漁民的個(gè)性特征探索各種有利于漁業(yè)發(fā)展的漁業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體制,并及時(shí)總結(jié)分析。官塢村漁業(yè)基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度創(chuàng)新,成為實(shí)現(xiàn)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)的新載體新途徑,促使村民與集體的關(guān)系保持平衡,效果顯著。漁村變革的實(shí)質(zhì)是漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的解放與發(fā)展。官塢村20多年來(lái)的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,農(nóng)民想要致富,農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)想要長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的途徑是進(jìn)行產(chǎn)業(yè)化規(guī)�；a(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)。官塢村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的新思路還包括引領(lǐng)品牌效應(yīng),借鑒工業(yè)化的理念來(lái)發(fā)展現(xiàn)代漁業(yè)。在這種情況下,漁村經(jīng)濟(jì)的變遷成為了一種不可避免的趨勢(shì)。然而漁村在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí),許多問(wèn)題會(huì)逐漸暴露出來(lái),我們需要對(duì)漁村的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更深刻的研究,針對(duì)問(wèn)題找到相應(yīng)的解決辦法,從而為更高效的利用漁業(yè)改革的模式及內(nèi)容,向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供良好的政策建議。本文通過(guò)以檔案歷史為經(jīng)線,以實(shí)地調(diào)查為緯線,對(duì)新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)官塢村的發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述,對(duì)官塢村的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與分析,并進(jìn)一步歸納出了官塢村現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題。筆者試圖從制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角,為進(jìn)一步探討如何解決在漁村經(jīng)濟(jì)變革發(fā)展的新形勢(shì)下解決當(dāng)前問(wèn)題,基于產(chǎn)權(quán)理論和交易成本理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行剖析。首先,筆者針對(duì)制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)作了簡(jiǎn)單介紹,構(gòu)建了理論分析的基礎(chǔ)框架;其次,闡述了官塢村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展歷程,包括生產(chǎn)力及生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的變遷,總結(jié)了其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題,然后構(gòu)建了節(jié)約交易成本的分析模型,并對(duì)官塢村漁業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析;第三,運(yùn)用產(chǎn)權(quán)理論和交易成本理論分析了官塢村經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷問(wèn)題的成因;第四,基于前幾章構(gòu)建的理論分析框架,對(duì)本研究的理論分析進(jìn)行了總結(jié);在最后第五章得出結(jié)論并針對(duì)官塢村漁業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:China, as a big agricultural country, accounts for about 60% of the rural population. The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have always been a serious and urgent problem to be solved in China, which is closely related to the overall economy of the country. After nearly forty years of reform and opening up, our country has reached the stage of the development of the rural area, the development of agriculture and the development of agriculture. As a branch of agriculture, the fishing village is an organic part of the rural area. The development of the agricultural economy can not be separated from the rapid development of the fishery economy. The development of the overall economy of the fishing village and the improvement of the quality of the fishermen are very important for the stability and prosperity of the whole rural society. Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in China, the collective economy has increased. The peasants' income plays an important role in the rural economic and social development. With the change of the collective economic system, the changes of the collective economic system have become particularly important in the academic research. The village of Guan Wu village is dominated by fishery production. The practical experience and the lessons of the fishing village cases have a positive guiding significance for the development of the whole fishery. Since the reform and opening up in 1978, In the last 40 years, the fishermen in our country have benefited most and the fastest development of the fishery economy, the focus of the fishery administration departments and local governments has always included the investigation of the economic development of the fishing village. In the planned economy period, the official dock Village is a production brigade at the basic level of fishery management, and its marine aquaculture and fisheries management system turned out to be a "big package" turn. "Family contract responsibility system", with the opening of the market economy in China, the transformation of the "combination of household contract as the basis of the unified division combined with double management system". However, the content and form of the reform have its own characteristics, and explored the production and operation mode of "Peasant household + village company (collective economic organization) + market", and developed into the mode of production and management. The production and operation mode of Guan Wu village is developed from the original "farmer + market" mode to the "farmer + village company + market" mode, and then to the current two modes. This change of Guan Wu village can not be separated from the system. The author analyzes the economic change from the angle of institutional economics in this article. In accordance with the basic point of view of Marx's political economics, production relations must be adapted to the development of productive forces. At that time, the conditions of the marine aquaculture industry in the village of Guan Wu village were scattered and dispersed, and the fishermen were dissimilated. Their overall wishes were different, and the fishing management system, which was beneficial to the development of fishery, was explored according to the characteristics of the fishermen. In time, the innovation of the basic management system of the village fishery has become a new way to realize the new carrier of the collective economy, and the relationship between the villagers and the collective will be balanced and the effect is remarkable. The essence of the reform of the fishing village is the liberation and development of the fishery productivity. The development experience of the village of Guan Wu Village for more than 20 years shows that the peasants want to become rich and the rural economy wants. The new way of long-term development is to carry out industrial scale production and operation. The new idea of industrial development of Guan Wu village also includes leading brand effect and developing modern fishery by using the concept of industrialization. In this case, the change of fishing village economy has become an inevitable trend. However, many problems will gradually become more and more difficult in the economic transformation of fishing villages. We need to study the economic development of the fishing village more deeply, find the corresponding solutions to the problem, and provide a good policy suggestion to the modern agriculture development for the more efficient use of the mode and content of the fishery reform. The development of Guan Wu village is expounded in detail, the present situation of the economic development of Guan Wu village is summarized and analyzed, and the problems in the process of economic development at the present stage of Guan Wu village are further summed up. The author tries to further discuss how to solve the new situation in the economic reform and development of the fishing village from the perspective of institutional economics. The current problem is based on the theory of property rights and the basis of the theory of transaction cost. Firstly, the author makes a brief introduction to the institutional economics, constructs the basic framework of the theoretical analysis; secondly, expounds the economic development process of the official dock Village, including the changes in the productive forces and production relations, and summarizes its current development and existing problems, and then, The analysis model of economizing transaction cost is constructed, and the fishery management model of Guan Wu village is carefully analyzed. Third, the causes of the economic changes of Guan Wu village are analyzed with the theory of property right and the theory of transaction cost. Fourth, the theoretical analysis framework based on the previous chapters is summarized, and the final chapter is the last one. The five chapter draws the conclusion and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the development of fishery economy in Guan Wu village.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.4

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