本文選題：合作社 + 成員分層�。� 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)機(jī)制研究,為我國合作社的理論研究和實(shí)踐提供一個新的思考路徑。合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)一方面關(guān)系著成員的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系,關(guān)系著成員在合作社中的話語權(quán),影響著合作社的盈余分配;另一方面體現(xiàn)著合作社的組織特征,影響合作社組織價(jià)值和目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。本研究主要通過多個關(guān)系案例研究,采取半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談、參與式觀察等研究方法對合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行收集、整理、歸納和總結(jié);從而分析合作社的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型,概括實(shí)踐中合作社為了應(yīng)對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所做的策略安排,呈現(xiàn)合作社的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)機(jī)制的現(xiàn)狀;對合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制的偏離,展現(xiàn)對合作社民主治理和盈余分配等本質(zhì)特征的影響,從而最終解析阻礙形成的合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制的因素。第一,通過羅虛代爾公平先鋒社與國際合作社聯(lián)盟所倡導(dǎo)的合作社理念和原則來看,合作社對民主管理和盈余分配制度集中體現(xiàn)了合作社的本質(zhì)屬性,同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了合作社在面對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)成員共同承擔(dān)的內(nèi)在要求,即風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制。第二,分析實(shí)踐中合作社的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型,合作社面對這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)所采取的應(yīng)對措施。通過案例介紹在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條中合作社所遇到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從公共管理學(xué)科角度,借鑒學(xué)者對合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的分類確定合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型,分析合作社的成員要素與產(chǎn)品要素對形成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型的影響。第三,通過案例展示合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)化解的方式,呈現(xiàn)合作社應(yīng)對這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所做出的策略安排,進(jìn)而分析合作社風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)的現(xiàn)狀對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制的偏離。如此,合作社核心成員與普通成員的分層更加明顯,合作社的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制便無法形成。第四,分析目前我國農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社沒有形成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制的原因,即信息不對稱、不完全契約以及鄉(xiāng)土嵌入程度,導(dǎo)致合作社可能陷入"公地悲劇" "囚徒困境"等境地,合作社的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不斷增加,合作社核心成員與普通成員承擔(dān)不同風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的狀況越來越凸顯,影響合作社治理和功能的實(shí)現(xiàn),呈現(xiàn)出諸多學(xué)者口中的"假合作社"、"空殼合作社"和"休眠合作社"�？傊�,理論上合作社的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)機(jī)制應(yīng)該是成員共同承擔(dān),但是目前我國農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社應(yīng)對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的策略安排偏離了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)共擔(dān)機(jī)制,使得合作社民主治理和盈余分配機(jī)制都受到了影響,無法最大限度地發(fā)揮合作社組織的功能,也無法真正意義上實(shí)現(xiàn)合作社組織的價(jià)值和目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The research on the risk-bearing mechanism of farmers' specialized cooperatives provides a new way of thinking for the theoretical research and practice of Chinese cooperatives. On the one hand, the risk bearing of the cooperative is related to the rights and obligations of the members, the voice of the members in the cooperative, and the distribution of the surplus of the cooperative; on the other hand, it reflects the organizational characteristics of the cooperative. Influence the realization of the value and goal of cooperative organization. This study mainly through a number of relational case studies, using semi-structured interviews, participatory observation and other research methods to collect, collate, summarize and summarize the related problems of cooperative risk bearing, so as to analyze the type of cooperative risk. Summarize the strategy arrangement of cooperative to deal with risks in practice, present the present situation of cooperative risk-bearing mechanism, deviate from cooperative risk-sharing mechanism, show the influence on the essential characteristics of cooperative democratic governance and surplus distribution, etc. Finally, analyze the factors that hinder the formation of cooperative risk sharing mechanism. First, through the cooperative ideas and principles advocated by Rochsdale Fair Pioneer and the International Cooperative Alliance, the cooperative system of democratic management and surplus distribution embodies the essence of cooperatives. At the same time, it also reflects the inherent requirements of the members of the cooperative in the face of risk, that is, the risk-sharing mechanism. Secondly, the paper analyzes the risks and types of the cooperatives in practice, and the countermeasures taken by the cooperatives in the face of these risks. This paper introduces the risks encountered by cooperatives in the industrial chain through a case study. From the perspective of the subject of public management, we can learn from the classification of cooperative risks by scholars to determine the types of cooperative risks. This paper analyzes the influence of the member factors and product elements of cooperatives on the formation of risk types. Third, through the case to show how to resolve the cooperative risk, presents the cooperative to deal with these risks made the strategic arrangements, and then analyzes the current situation of cooperative risk sharing mechanism deviation. In this way, the stratification of the core members and ordinary members is more obvious, and the cooperative risk-sharing mechanism cannot be formed. Fourthly, the paper analyzes the reasons why there is no risk-sharing mechanism in professional cooperatives of farmers in China at present, that is, asymmetric information, incomplete contracts and the degree of local embedding, which may lead cooperatives into the situation of "tragedy of common land" and "prisoner's dilemma". With the increasing risks of cooperatives, the situation that the core members of cooperatives and ordinary members bear different risks is becoming more and more prominent, which affects the governance and the realization of functions of cooperatives. Many scholars say "false cooperative", "shell cooperative" and "dormant cooperative". In a word, in theory, the risk-bearing mechanism of cooperative should be shared by its members, but at present, the strategic arrangement of farmers' professional cooperatives to deal with risks deviates from the risk-sharing mechanism. The democratic governance of cooperatives and the mechanism of surplus distribution have been affected, and the functions of cooperative organizations can not be maximized and the value and goal of cooperative organizations can not be realized in a real sense.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F321.42

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