本文選題：SPS + 措施　； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,肉類產(chǎn)品的國際貿(mào)易蓬勃發(fā)展,各國肉類產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)及消費日益增加。但是,中國自1995年來成為全球肉類生產(chǎn)大國后,其肉類產(chǎn)品參與國際貿(mào)易的比例一直很低。制定SPS措施的主要目的是保護(hù)人類或動物的生命或健康。然而,在各國關(guān)稅逐漸降低的情況下,我國肉類產(chǎn)品受到發(fā)達(dá)國家SPS措施的限制,被限制甚至禁止出口。即使被允許出口,從SPS措施的數(shù)量、微生物及抗生素的限制、藥物殘留上限的變化來看,取得肉類產(chǎn)品出口準(zhǔn)許的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)越來越嚴(yán)格。可見,SPS措施已經(jīng)成為阻礙肉類產(chǎn)品出口的重要因素。歐盟食品安全體系是世界上最為完善的體系之一,有研究表明,發(fā)展中國家近50%的肉類產(chǎn)品受到歐盟相關(guān)技術(shù)性措施的限制和阻礙。因此研究SPS措旌,對于我國肉類產(chǎn)業(yè)及國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展具有重要意義。本文首先對我國肉類產(chǎn)品1995-2013年的生產(chǎn)及國際貿(mào)易情況作出了分析,并且分析了我國肉類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力,以豬肉為例分析了我國肉類產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量控制體系現(xiàn)狀,并以行業(yè)領(lǐng)頭企業(yè)為例分析了出口貿(mào)易的經(jīng)驗與教訓(xùn)。然后對于歐盟實施的SPS措施進(jìn)行了歸納與分析。本文認(rèn)為我國肉類產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力與參與國際貿(mào)易的比例極不相符,由于國外SPS措施的限制及本國肉類產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量安全問題,我國肉類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力水平偏低。然后以]995-2013年英國、法國、德國、荷蘭、丹麥肉類產(chǎn)品出口的截面數(shù)據(jù)運用面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,利用引力模型測算了歐盟SPS措施對其五個代表性國家進(jìn)口中國肉類產(chǎn)品的影響,證實了歐盟SPS措施對我國肉類產(chǎn)品出口帶來的消極影響的事實。最后得出結(jié)論,歐盟、日本以保護(hù)本國人體健康安全為由,對我國肉類產(chǎn)品實施了繁多的法律規(guī)范及安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和復(fù)雜的檢驗檢疫制度,削弱了我國肉類產(chǎn)品的國際競爭優(yōu)勢,極大的提高了我國肉類產(chǎn)品的出口難度。肉類產(chǎn)品是畜產(chǎn)品的重要組成部分,而畜產(chǎn)品是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的重要構(gòu)成。對于歐盟及其他發(fā)達(dá)國家采取的這些嚴(yán)于一般水平的措施,我們必須著力提高產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力和質(zhì)量安全水平,并且有針對地應(yīng)對不同SPS措施,才能使我國盡早擺脫肉類產(chǎn)品因質(zhì)量問題而出口受阻的形勢。
[Abstract]:With the development of the world economy, the international trade of meat products is booming, and the production and consumption of meat products are increasing day by day. However, China's participation in international trade has been low since 1995, when it became a global meat producer. The main purpose of SPS measures is to protect human or animal life or health. However, under the condition that the tariffs of various countries are decreasing gradually, our meat products are restricted by the SPS measures of developed countries and even banned from export. Even if allowed to export, the criteria for obtaining export permits for meat products are becoming more stringent in terms of the number of SPS measures, limits on microbes and antibiotics, and changes in the cap on drug residues. Therefore, SPS measures have become an important factor hindering the export of meat products. European Union food safety system is one of the most perfect systems in the world. Some studies show that nearly 50% of meat products in developing countries are restricted and hindered by relevant technical measures of the European Union. Therefore, the study of SPS is of great significance to the development of China's meat industry and international trade. This paper firstly analyzes the production and international trade of meat products in China from 1995 to 2013, and analyzes the international competitiveness of meat products in China. Taking pork as an example, the quality control system of meat products in China is analyzed. And take the industry leader enterprise as an example to analyze the export trade experience and the lesson. Then the SPS measures implemented by the European Union are summarized and analyzed. This paper holds that the production capacity of meat products in China is very inconsistent with the proportion of participating in international trade. Because of the restriction of foreign SPS measures and the quality and safety problems of domestic meat products, the level of international competitiveness of meat products in China is on the low side. Then, the cross section data of UK, France, Germany, Netherlands and Denmark from 1995 to 2013 were used to analyze the cross section data of meat products export from Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark, and the impact of EU SPS measures on the import of Chinese meat products from five representative countries of the European Union was measured by using the gravity model. It confirms the fact that EU SPS measures have a negative effect on the export of meat products in China. Finally, it is concluded that the European Union and Japan, in order to protect their own human health and safety, have implemented various legal norms, safety standards and complex inspection and quarantine systems for our meat products, which has weakened the international competitive advantage of our meat products. It greatly improves the export difficulty of meat products in China. Meat is an important part of animal products, and animal products is an important component of agricultural products. For the European Union and other developed countries, we must focus on improving the international competitiveness and quality safety level of products, as well as dealing with different SPS measures. Only then can our country get rid of the situation that the export of meat products is blocked because of the quality problem as soon as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.7;F752.62

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